The Matrix Converter (MC) evolved from the forced commutated cycloconverters and has been extensively investigated for more than thirty years. In this publication, the milestones in research on MCs in academia and industry are reviewed and presented chronologically and thematically ordered. The major contributions in the fundamental topic areas such as the development of the topology, topological extensions, commutation, modulation, loss calculation, control, or filtering and EMC are compiled and then expanded with examples of the latest activities in the corresponding field of research. In addition, an overview of the publicly reported research on MCs in industry is provided and the development of the commercialized MCs is briefly summarized. This review concludes with a comparison of the MC with the Voltage DC-Link Back-to-Back Converter (V-BBC) and a discussion of the current status of the MC technology and its future potential. The key contributions in the development of the MC can be summarized as follows: the investigation of the basic MC concept by Venturini in 1980 [19], the development of the multi-step commutation by Burany and Oyama et al in 1989 [64,65] to solve the commutation problem of the bidirectional switches, and finally the space vector representation of the modulation by Huber and Boroyevich in [80] to enable a consistent mathematical description of the converter system from the source to the load. With these fundamental features, the MC (CMC) is operational and can be used as a direct ac-ac converter with variable voltage and frequency transformation capability. The world’s first commercial MC was presented by the Japanese drive manufacturer Yaskawa in 2005 with the product name “Varispeed AC”. This converter series is based on the CMC topology and is implemented with RB-IGBTs. One year later in 2006, Fuji Electric announced also a new MC product, the Frenic-MX, which, however, is currently not anymore part of Fuji’s product portfolio. Meanwhile, Yaskawa extended their matrix converter product line with a medium voltage MC series. Despite intensive research for the last three decades, MCs have until now only achieved low market penetration with Yaskawa Electric as the only drive manufacturer currently offering MCs as commercial products. The reason for the low usage of the MC technology in industry is mainly due to the intrinsic, physical limitations given by the MC concept, such Fig. 1. Basic three-phase Matrix Converter topologies: (a) single-stage half-bridge or Conventional (direct) Matrix Converter (CMC) and (b) two-stage Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC)

Milestones in Matrix Converter Research

The use of nonlinear devices such as rectifiers or power converters, power supplies, and other devices utilizing solid-state switching has increased in industry during recent years. Unfortunately, the effect of harmonic distortion has also increased on the industrial power system as a direct result. This work is based upon harmonic studies on 480 V, three-phase, variable-speed drives and the effects of harmonics on transformers in those systems. It also includes recommendations for correction of the problems resulting from harmonic distortion. >

Harmonics: the effects on power quality and transformers

This letter proposes a novel condition monitoring scheme of dc-link capacitors in PWM inverter-fed induction machine drives with front-end diode rectifiers, which is based on the online capacitance estimation scheme. While the motor is operating in the regenerative mode for the estimation process, a regulated ac component is injected into the stator winding, which causes a dc-link voltage ripple at the same frequency. From the ac components of the dc-link voltage and current, the capacitance is estimated with a recursive least squares algorithm. With this method, experimental results have shown that the estimation error of the capacitance is less than 1%, from which the deterioration condition of the capacitors can be diagnosed reliably.

Deterioration Monitoring of DC-Link Capacitors in AC Machine Drives by Current Injection

This paper deals with the use of least mean squares (LMS, NLMS) and recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms for total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction using shunt active power filter (SAPF) control. The article presents a pilot study necessary for the construction of our own controlled adaptive modular inverter. The objective of the study is to find an optimal algorithm for the implementation. The introduction contains a survey of the literature and summarizes contemporary methods. According to this research, only adaptive filtration fulfills our requirements (adaptability, real-time processing, etc.). The primary benefit of the paper is the study of the efficiency of two basic approaches to adaptation ((N)LMS and RLS) in the application area of SAPF control. The study examines the impact of parameter settings (filter length, convergence constant, forgetting factor) on THD, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), root mean square error (RMSE), percentage root mean square difference (PRD), speed, and stability. The experiments are realized with real current and voltage recordings (consumer electronics such as PC source without power factor correction (PFC), HI-FI amplifier, etc.), which contain fast dynamic transient phenomena. The realized model takes into account a delay caused by digital signal processing (DSP) (the implementation of algorithms on field programmable gate array (FPGA), approximately 1–5 μs) and a delay caused by the reaction time of the proper inverter (approximately 100 μs). The pilot study clearly showed that the RLS algorithm is the most suitable for the implementation of an adaptive modular inverter because it achieved the best results for all analyzed parameters.

Least Mean Squares and Recursive Least Squares Algorithms for Total Harmonic Distortion Reduction Using Shunt Active Power Filter Control

High-performance induction motor (IM) drives require fast dynamic responses, robust to parameter variations, withstand load disturbance, stable control systems, and support easy hardware/software implementation. Fuzzy logic control (FLC) for speed controllers is garnering attention from researchers, since it is proven to produce better results compared with the conventional PI speed controllers. However, fixed parameter FLC experiences performance degradation when the system operates away from the design point or is affected by parameter variations or load disturbances. The purpose of this paper is to design and implement a simple self-tuning fuzzy logic controller (ST-FLC) for IM drives application. The proposed self-tuning mechanism is able to adjust the output scaling factor of the main FLC speed controller by improving the accuracy of the crisp output. The IM drive employed an indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) method fed by a hysteresis current controller (HCC). The fixed parameter FLC for the main speed controller comprises nine rules that are tuned to achieve the best performance. Then, a simple self-tuning mechanism is applied to the main fuzzy logic speed controller. All simulation work was done using Simulink and fuzzy tools in the MATLAB software. The effectiveness of the proposed controller was investigated by conducting a comparative analysis between fixed parameter FLC and ST-FLC in forward and reverse speed operations, with and without load disturbances. Finally, the experimental testing was carried out to validate the simulation results with the aid of a digital signal controller board, dSPACE DS1104, with an induction motor drive system. Based on the results, the ST-FLC showed superior performance in transient and steady-state conditions in terms of various performance measures, such as overshoot, rise time, settling time, and recovery time.

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A Novel Self-Tuning Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Induction Motor Drive System: An Experimental Approach

This paper presents the applications of single-phase matrix converter (SPMC) as an AC-DC controlled rectifier For basic operation the multiple-PWM technique was used to calculate the switch duty ratio to synthesize the output Safe commutation strategy was developed to avoid voltage spikes due to inductive load Active current wave-shaping technique are also proposed to ensure that the supply current waveform is continuous, sinusoidal and in phase with the supply voltage This approach utilizes boost rectifier technique for compensation Selected experimental results are presented to verify the concept

A New Single-Phase Controlled Rectifier Using Single-Phase Matrix Converter

Pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is one of the vital issues for power electronic circuit control. A number of Pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques are increasingly applied in many new industrial applications that require superior performance. The most widely applied PWM technique for three-phase voltage source inverters are Sine Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM), Third Harmonic Injection Pulse Width Modulation (THIPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). SPWM is the most simple modulation technique that can realize easily in analog circuit. However, it has some drawbacks such as higher total harmonic distortion (THD), lower switching frequency and not capable in over modulation region. THIPWM and SVPWM both provide better THD compared to SPWM. SVPWM shows lower THD in over modulation region and in high frequency application compared to THIPWM. These three techniques are discussed, analyzed and compared in terms of modulation index, switching frequency and inverter input voltage in this paper. The modeling and simulation for all PWM techniques have been done by using MATLAB/SIMULINK and Origin 6.1. From the simulation results, SVPWM shows the best performance and meet IEEE 519 standard of current harmonics level. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v4i2.5833

https://ijpeds.iaescore.com/index.php/IJPEDS/article/download/4994/4813

Simulation Investigation of SPWM, THIPWM and SVPWM Techniques for Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter

This paper presents an implementation of hybrid active power filter for minimizing the input current distortion in a single-phase system feeding a non-linear load. In this method, the active power filter is injecting equal but opposite current to mitigate the distortion current shape the supply current to a sinusoidal form and in phase with the supply voltage. In this work, the single-switch parallel active power filter is used to reduce switching stress, losses and also the cost. Studies are performed to evaluate the performance of this topology in conjunction with a simple passive filter in a hybrid arrangement using two components; a parallel active power filter and a passive filter for removing both high order and low order harmonics. The passive filter uses simple LC configuration; whilst the parallel active filter uses a single-switch topology typically used in boost rectifier circuit. Theoretical, simulation and experimental result are presented to prove the validity of this arrangement.

Single-phase hybrid active power filter using single switch parallel active filter and simple passive filter

This paper presents the improvement method for
simplified Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for Induction Motor
Drive. This method is aimed to enhance performance for
variable speed drive performance in a rated forward and
reverse operation. The implementation of simplified rules
based is able to reduce the computational burden and memory
space limitation. However, the speed performance shows some
degradation with regards to simplification process. Thus, the
propose improvement method is made to increase the error
gain parameter. The membership function (MF) domain for
error is increased from nominal 1 to 2. It increases the torque
current and improves the speed response. The speed control is applied to the indirect Field Oriented Control method fed with Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM). The real time implementation is done using dSPACE DS1103 controller. The performance results are compared between simplified rules method, simplified rules improvement method and Anti-Windup Proportional Controller (AWPI). The results show improvement in terms of rise time, overshoot and settling time compared to its counterparts.

Performance improvement of induction motor drive using simplified FLC method

This paper is concerned on a shunt active power filter for harmonic compensation of a single-phase system feeding non-linear load An active current wave-shaping technique is proposed to mitigate the distortion current by injecting equal but opposite current to shape the pulsating nature of the supply current to a sinusoidal form and in-time phase with the supply voltage In the proposed work only one power switch is employed to minimize cost, reduce switching stress and losses The behaviour and operation of the proposed filter structure was examined with computer simulation and through experimental verification

Ahmad Shukri Abu Hasim

Papers

A New Single-Phase Controlled Rectifier Using Single-Phase Matrix Converter

Simulation Investigation of SPWM, THIPWM and SVPWM Techniques for Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter

Single-phase hybrid active power filter using single switch parallel active filter and simple passive filter

Performance improvement of induction motor drive using simplified FLC method

Single-phase shunt active power filter using single-switch incorporating boost circuit