/pdf/a-break-in-the-clouds-towards-a-cloud-definition-svovsw1r5a.pdf

A Break in the Clouds: Towards a Cloud Definition

A Comprehensive Survey on Attacks, Security Issues and Blockchain Solutions for IoT and IIoT

Today is the era of the Internet of Things (IoT). The recent advances in hardware and information technology have accelerated the deployment of billions of interconnected, smart and adaptive devices in critical infrastructures like health, transportation, environmental control, and home automation. Transferring data over a network without requiring any kind of human-to-computer or human-to-human interaction, brings reliability and convenience to consumers, but also opens a new world of opportunity for intruders, and introduces a whole set of unique and complicated questions to the field of Digital Forensics. Although IoT data could be a rich source of evidence, forensics professionals cope with diverse problems, starting from the huge variety of IoT devices and non-standard formats, to the multi-tenant cloud infrastructure and the resulting multi-jurisdictional litigations. A further challenge is the end-to-end encryption which represents a trade-off between users’ right to privacy and the success of the forensics investigation. Due to its volatile nature, digital evidence has to be acquired and analyzed using validated tools and techniques that ensure the maintenance of the Chain of Custody. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss the main issues involved in the complex process of IoT-based investigations, particularly all legal, privacy and cloud security challenges. Furthermore, this work provides an overview of the past and current theoretical models in the digital forensics science. Special attention is paid to frameworks that aim to extract data in a privacy-preserving manner or secure the evidence integrity using decentralized blockchain-based solutions. In addition, the present paper addresses the ongoing Forensics-as-a-Service (FaaS) paradigm, as well as some promising cross-cutting data reduction and forensics intelligence techniques. Finally, several other research trends and open issues are presented, with emphasis on the need for proactive Forensics Readiness strategies and generally agreed-upon standards.

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A Survey on the Internet of Things (IoT) Forensics: Challenges, Approaches, and Open Issues

With the rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, the classic centralized cloud computing paradigm faces several challenges such as high latency, low capacity and network failure. To address these challenges, fog computing brings the cloud closer to IoT devices. The fog provides IoT data processing and storage locally at IoT devices instead of sending them to the cloud. In contrast to the cloud, the fog provides services with faster response and greater quality. Therefore, fog computing may be considered the best choice to enable the IoT to provide efficient and secure services for many IoT users. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of fog computing and its integration with the IoT by highlighting the benefits and implementation challenges. This review will also focus on the architecture of the fog and emerging IoT applications that will be improved by using the fog model. Finally, open issues and future research directions regarding fog computing and the IoT are discussed.

https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/2/2/10/pdf

Fog Computing and the Internet of Things: A Review

Blockchain for 5G-enabled IoT for industrial automation: A systematic review, solutions, and challenges

AIM: The aim of this work was to examin the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for the abdomen-pelvis computed tomography (CT) examinations performed at our medical institution. Another aim was to compare our data with the national and international values for the same examination as starting point on the way of establishing a regional DRLs and to contribute to the national DRLs project. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dosimetric indexes were collected for the abdominal pelvic examination for 180 patients and results are analysed using Matlab (R2016b) statistics and machine learning toolbox. RESULTS: The results are within and below the international reported levels for abdomen-pelvis CT in several countries and slightly higher than our published national reference level. CONCLUSION: Continuous monitoring of the radiation doses received by the patients in computed tomography is continuous and ongoing process in order to ensure compliance and to optimize clinical imaging protocols. More extensive data acquisition and analysis are required to allow better understanding of the contributing factors leading to less patient radiation dose while preserving the clinical image quality.

http://www.ghrnet.org/index.php/IJR/article/download/3165/3468

Initial Local Diagnostic Reference Level for Computed Tomography of the Abdomen

Purpose Radioiodine ablation treatment (RAT) is administered to papillary thyroid carcinoma patients post thyroidectomy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis can be applied to predict treatment failure. In this study, we propose a logistic regression model (LRM) to estimate the probability of repeating the treatment more than one time. Materials and methods A retrospective review of the last 5 years of RAT data revealed that 30 patients had received the RAT more than one time. Various factors including age, sex, pretreatment serum thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and administered activity were analyzed to predict RAT failure and therefore the necessity to repeat the treatment by administering additional doses of radioiodine. Results The administered activity, the patient age, the presence of distant lymph nodes on the whole-body radioiodine scan (WBS) and the level of Tg before the treatment were found to be the predictive variables. The following LRM is proposed: Y = 7.8295 - 0.0012 [Activity in (MBq) - 0.0541 (Age) - 34.3 (Lymph Nodes) - 0.0042 (Tg)]. The prediction accuracy of the LRM was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve by calculating the area under the curve (AUC). We found the AUC = 0.8972. Conclusion Patients who are older in age, who receive higher administered radioiodine activity, have higher serum thyroglobulin levels and have lymph node uptake reported in their post-ablation WBS are more likely to have unsuccessful treatment outcome and will repeat the treatment. This LRM could help in adjusting RAT options in order to reduce the repeat rate.

Logistic regression analysis of repeated radioiodine therapy treatments for papillary thyroid carcinoma patients.

INTRODUCTION The burden of injury in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has increased in recent years, but the country has lacked a consistent methodology for collecting injury data. A trauma registry has been established at a large public hospital in Riyadh from which these data are now available. OBJECTIVES We aimed to provide an overview of trauma epidemiology by reviewing the first calendar year of data collection for the registry. Risk-adjusted analyses were performed to benchmark outcomes with a large Australian major trauma service in Melbourne. The findings are the first to report the trauma profile from a centre in the KSA and compare outcomes with an international level I trauma centre. METHODS This was an observational study using records with injury dates in 2018 from the registries at both hospitals. Demographics, processes and outcomes were extracted, as were baseline characteristics. Risk-adjusted endpoints were inpatient mortality and length of stay. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the association between site and inpatient mortality. RESULTS A total of 2436 and 4069 records were registered on the Riyadh and Melbourne databases, respectively. There were proportionally more men in the Saudi cohort than the Australian cohort (86% to 69%). The Saudi cohort was younger, the median age being 36 years compared with 50 years, with 51% of injuries caused by road traffic incidents. The risk-adjusted length of stay was 4.4 days less at the Melbourne hospital (95% CI 3.95 days to 4.86 days, p<0.001). The odds of in-hospital death were also less (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.43, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This is the first hospital-based study of trauma in the kingdom that benchmarks with an individual international centre. There are limitations to interpreting the comparisons, however the findings have established a baseline for measuring continuous improvement in outcomes for KSA trauma services.

https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/11/5/e045902.full.pdf

Comparison of trauma management between two major trauma services in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Melbourne, Australia.

The objectives of this work were to estimate the amount of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) excreted (AFE) in the patient urine during the uptake phase as percentage of the injected activity and to examine the effect of blood glucose levels (BGL) on the excreted amount and whether it varies among men and women using statistical analysis methods. Radiation dose rates were measured at 1 m from 50 patients, 24 men and 26 women, before and after the first void using a calibrated ionization chamber. The F-FDG was injected in the patients using a calibrated automatic dose injection system. Statistical analysis using hypothesis testing was carried out. Patients with BGL above 5 mmol/l had a higher AFE of 12.3% in comparison with 8.3% of the patients with BGL below 5 mmol/l. A statistically nonsignificant correlation (r=0.183, P<0.249) between AFE and BGL was found; a nonsignificant difference was found in the AFE measured among the male and female patients. The AFE measured was 12±6%, with a range of (2-30%). There was a wide variation in the first void time of 39±8 min, with a range of (17-68) min. A simple noninvasive measurement method is presented that enabled the estimation of the amount of F-FDG excreted from the patient during voiding. Statistical analysis concluded that the amount of F-FDG excreted does not depend on sex, but is perhaps influenced by BGL.

Variability in the amount of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose excreted in urine measured from oncology patients during PET/computed tomography imaging.

This research is an outcome of trainings conducted and their implementation to use content authoring tools in e-learning environment. Male and female faculty members from Saudi Arabia's Nor...

Ahmed Alenezi

Papers

Initial Local Diagnostic Reference Level for Computed Tomography of the Abdomen

Logistic regression analysis of repeated radioiodine therapy treatments for papillary thyroid carcinoma patients.

Comparison of trauma management between two major trauma services in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Melbourne, Australia.

Variability in the amount of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose excreted in urine measured from oncology patients during PET/computed tomography imaging.

A Survey for the Evaluation of Faculty Trainings on Designing E-courses for the University Faculty Members’ Skill Enhancement