Hydrocarbon production, gas recovery from shale, CO2 storage and water management have a common scientific underpinning: multiphase flow in porous media. This book provides a fundamental description of multiphase flow through porous rock, with emphasis on the understanding of displacement processes at the pore, or micron, scale. Fundamental equations and principal concepts using energy, momentum, and mass balance are developed, and the latest developments in high-resolution three-dimensional imaging and associated modelling are explored. The treatment is pedagogical, developing sound physical principles to predict flow and recovery through complex rock structures, while providing a review of the recent literature. This systematic approach makes it an excellent reference for those who are new to the field. Inspired by recent research, and based on courses taught to thousands of students and professionals from around the world, it provides the scientific background necessary for a quantitative assessment of multiphase subsurface flow processes, and is ideal for hydrology and environmental engineering students, as well as professionals in the hydrocarbon, water and carbon storage industries.

Multiphase Flow in Permeable Media: A Pore-Scale Perspective

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12182-020-00467-5.pdf

A review of development methods and EOR technologies for carbonate reservoirs

Abstract Carbonate rock typing provides a vehicle to propagate petrophysical properties through association with geological attributes and, therefore, is critical for distributing reservoir properties, such as permeability and water saturation, in the reservoir model. The conventional approaches to rock typing have significant gaps in incorporating diagenetic processes, transferring rock types from core to log domain, accounting for fractures and using appropriate methodology to realistically distribute rock types in the static reservoir model. The workflow proposed in this paper addresses these issues in a comprehensive way by determination of petrophysical rock types (PRTs), which control static properties and dynamic behaviour of the reservoir, while optimally linking to geological attributes (depositional and diagenetic) and their spatial interrelationships and trends. This approach is novel for the fact that it: (1) integrates geological processes, petrophysics and Earth modelling aspects of rock typing; (2) integrates core and log scales; and (3) provides a flexible ‘road map’ from core to 3D model for variable data scenarios that can be updated with progressive changes in data quality and quantity during the life cycle of an asset. This paper introduces the rationale behind this workflow, and demonstrates its workings and agility through deployment in two large carbonate fields.

Carbonate Petrophysical Rock Typing - Integrating Geological Attributes and Petrophysical Properties While Linking With Dynamic Behavior

Carbonate petrophysical rock typing: integrating geological attributes and petrophysical properties while linking with dynamic behaviour

Pore-scale X-ray imaging with measurement of relative permeability, capillary pressure and oil recovery in a mixed-wet micro-porous carbonate reservoir rock

Reservoir Rock Typing From Crest To Flank

VSP results successfully demonstrate that high resolution VSP data can be collected and are repeatable in the Abu Dhabi carbonate environment. Comparisons between shallow marine air gun and land vibrator VSP images show similar quality results, suggesting that land and marine surveys can potentially be combined in transition areas. Walkaway VSP repeatability tests with a marine air gun and land vibrator show that VSP images can be repeated with significantly lower background noise compared to surface seismic. Background noise is the non-repeatable signal that remains after subtracting two VSP images collected at different times, when no changes in the subsurface have occurred. With fixed geophones and an optimized 4D VSP processing flow background noise levels below 1% of the original VSP amplitudes were achieved. Both reflected p-wave signals and converted shear wave signals were found to be repeatable. The positive results from this VSP repeatability pilot and a 4D feasibility study indicate that time-lapse 3D-VSP’s could provide another means for monitoring reservoir saturation changes in Abu Dhabi Carbonate fields.

Time-Lapse VSP Test Results Demonstrate Good Repeatability For Both Land-Vibrator And Marine-Air Gun VSP Surveys In Middle East Carbonates

An Empirical Saturation Modeling of a Complex Carbonate Abu Dhabi Reservoir Using the Routine High Pressure Mercury and Oil/Water Capillary Pressure Data

Ahmed Mohamed Dawoud

Papers

Reservoir Rock Typing From Crest To Flank

Time-Lapse VSP Test Results Demonstrate Good Repeatability For Both Land-Vibrator And Marine-Air Gun VSP Surveys In Middle East Carbonates

An Empirical Saturation Modeling of a Complex Carbonate Abu Dhabi Reservoir Using the Routine High Pressure Mercury and Oil/Water Capillary Pressure Data

Secure data transmission in a real-time network for a tele-training education system

Early Miscible Hydrocarbon Gas Injection in Abu Dhabi Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir