Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) are a class of hybrid natural products sharing the mevalonate/methylerythritol phosphate and polyketide biosynthetic pathways and showing considerable structure and bioactivity diversity. This review discusses the progress of research into the chemistry and biological activity of 421 natural PPAPs in the past 11 years as well as in-depth studies of biological activities and total synthesis of some PPAPs isolated before 2006. We created an online database of all PPAPs known to date at http://www.chem.uky.edu/research/grossman/PPAPs. Two subclasses of biosynthetically related metabolites, spirocyclic PPAPs with octahydrospiro[cyclohexan-1,5′-indene]-2,4,6-trione core and complicated PPAPs produced by intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of MPAPs, are brought into the PPAP family. Some PPAPs’ relative or absolute configurations are reassigned or critically discussed, and the confusing trivial names in PPAPs investigations are clarified. Pharmacologic stu...

Research Progress of Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols.

Biological potential of carbazole derivatives.

Types of nettles (Urtica dioica) were collected from different regions to analyze phenolic compounds in this research. Nettles are specially grown in the coastal part. According to this kind of properties, nettle samples were collected from coastal part of (Mediterranean, Aegean, Black sea, and Marmara) Turkey. Phenolic profile, total phenol compounds, and antioxidant activities of nettle samples were analyzed. Nettles were separated to the part of root, stalk, and leaves. Then, these parts of nettle were analyzed to understand the difference of phenolic compounds and amount of them. Nettle (root, stalk and leaves) samples were analyzed by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) to qualitative and quantitative determination of the phenolic compounds. Total phenolic components were measured by using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was measured by using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) which is generally used for herbal samples and based on single electron transfer (SET).

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Phenolic Compounds Analysis of Root, Stalk, and Leaves of Nettle

http://lib.ajaums.ac.ir/booklist/1-s2.0-S0899900714000963-main.pdf

Spice plant Allium cepa: dietary supplement for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objectives. Functional components in alliums have long been maintained to play a key role in modifying the major risk factors for chronic disease. To obtain a better understanding of alliums for chronic disease prevention, we conducted a systematic review for risk factors and prevention strategies for chronic disease of functional components in alliums, based on a comprehensive English literature search that was conducted using various electronic search databases, especially the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI for the period 2007-2016. Allium genus especially garlic, onion, and Chinese chive is rich in organosulfur compounds, quercetin, flavonoids, saponins, and others, which have anticancer, preventive cardiovascular and heart diseases, anti-inflammation, antiobesity, antidiabetes, antioxidants, antimicrobial activity, neuroprotective and immunological effects, and so on. These results support Allium genus; garlic and onion especially may be the promising dietotherapeutic vegetables and organopolysulfides as well as quercetin mechanism in the treatment of chronic diseases. This review may be used as scientific basis for the development of functional food, nutraceuticals, and alternative drugs to improve the chronic diseases.

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Therapeutic Role of Functional Components in Alliums for Preventive Chronic Disease in Human Being.

Eight new cembranoids, boscartins A-H (1, 2, and 4-9), and the known incensole oxide were isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii. The absolute configurations of 1, 2, 4, and incensole oxide were unequivocally resolved using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis with Cu Kα radiation, and the absolute configuration of 5 was resolved via electronic circular dichroism data. The antiulcerative colitis activities of the compounds were evaluated in an in vitro x-box-binding protein 1 (XBP 1) transcriptional activity assay using dual luciferase reporter detection. At 10 μM, compounds 1, 5, 6, and 7 significantly activated XBP 1 transcription with EC50 values of 0.34, 1.14, 0.88, and 0.42 μM, respectively, compared with the pGL3-basic vector control.

Cembranoids from the Gum Resin of Boswellia carterii as Potential Antiulcerative Colitis Agents

Bioactive carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng

Acute toxicity screening of different extractions, components and constituents of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos in vivo.

Chemical examination of the exuded gum resin of Boswellia carterii resulted in the isolation of nine new prenylaromadendrane-type diterpenes, boscartols A–I (1–9). The structures of these compounds were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, mass spectrometric data, and circular dichroism spectra. Compounds 1–3, 5, 6, 8, and 9 (10 μM) showed moderate hepatoprotective activity against d-galactosamine-induced HL-7702 cell damage.

Hepatoprotective prenylaromadendrane-type diterpenes from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii.

Three new sesquiterpenes (1-3) and two new rutinosides (4 and 5) along with 17 known compounds (6-22) were isolated from the leaves of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. The new compounds were elucidated as (3R,5S,6R)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-1,1,5-trimethylcyclohexyl-8-butyn-9-one (1), (8E,9R)-ethyl-7-(3S,5R,6S)-3,6-dihydroxy-1,1,5-trimethylcyclohexyl-9-hydroxybut-8-enoate (2), (3R)-3-O-β-D-glucoside-6'-D-apiose-β-ionone (3), 4-O-β-D-rutinosyl-3-methoxyphenyl-1-propanone (4), and 1-O-β-D-rutinosyl-2(R)-ethyl-1-pentanol (5) based on their spectroscopic data. Compounds 1, 4, 5, 18, and 21 (10 μM) exhibited moderate hepatoprotective activities.

Ai-Guo Wang

Papers

Cembranoids from the Gum Resin of Boswellia carterii as Potential Antiulcerative Colitis Agents

Bioactive carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng

Acute toxicity screening of different extractions, components and constituents of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos in vivo.

Hepatoprotective prenylaromadendrane-type diterpenes from the gum resin of Boswellia carterii.

Hepatoprotective sesquiterpenes and rutinosides from Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.