Ailsa R. Butler

TL;DR: If IHC use increases HIV acquisition risk, reducing IHC could reduce new HIV infections; however, this must be balanced against other important consequences, including unintended pregnancy, which impacts maternal and infant mortality.

TL;DR: The current state of knowledge of heterosexual anal intercourse practice worldwide is reviewed and the information required to assess its role in HIV transmission within heterosexual populations is identified, including input measures required to inform mathematical models.

TL;DR: Overall summary estimates of lifetime AI prevalence were 22 % (95 % confidence interval 20–24) among sexually active young people, with no statistically significant differences by gender, continent or age.

TL;DR: Although varied, AI among FSW is generally common, inconsistently protected with condoms and practiced sufficiently frequently to contribute substantially to HIV acquisition in this risk group.

TL;DR: Differential condom misreporting can theoretically produce inflated HR^ values for an association between HC and HIV even without a true association, but to produce a doubling of HIV risk that is entirely spurious requires substantially different levels of misreporting among HC users and nonusers, which may be unrealistic.