This document provides updates to IEEE Std 802.16's MIB for the MAC, PHY and asso- ciated management procedures in order to accommodate recent extensions to the standard.

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Draft Amendment: Management Information Base Extensions

Hybridizing Extreme Learning Machines and Genetic Algorithms to select acoustic features in vehicle classification applications

Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data and Steganography is the art and science of hiding communication; a steganographic system thus embeds hidden content in unremarkable cover media so as not to arouse an eavesdropper‟s suspicion. A novel scheme for the embedding data in images is CrypSteg in this method combined cryptography and Steganography process in one algorithm. First we encrypt the data and then embed with image with new Steganography algorithm. The method is very efficient especially when applied to those images whose pixels are scattered homogeneously and for small data. The given image is partitioned into four level blocks, and the data will be embedded into selected the four diagonal subblocks values depend upon key. This algorithm only requires fewer steps and it can embed data efficiently without discarding image. Embedding 4 bits information in a 4*4 pixel block need to change very less pixels on average. Furthermore, the quality of the produced stego-images is better than that of other methods. The quality of stego-image is greatly improved when this algorithm is used.

/pdf/a-new-approach-of-data-hiding-in-images-using-cryptography-4cl3ukwn0i.pdf

A New Approach of Data Hiding in Images using Cryptography and Steganography

This paper introduces a new steganographic technique for secret data communication based on Public Key Digital Image steganography by combining public key cryptography with Digital Image Steganography. The proposed scheme employs RSA algorithm with 1024 bits key size for secret data encryption before inserting it into cover image and F5 steganographic technique to hide the encrypted message inside the cover image imperceptibly. The F5 algorithm embeds the message into randomly chosen Discrete Courier Transform (DCT) coefficients. By employing matrix embedding which minimizes the changes to be made to the length of certain message, it provides high Steganographic capacity, faster speed and can prevent visual and statistical attacks. The encryption key used in message encryption is big enough to thwart known cryptanalytic attacks. Experiments suggest that the stego image and cover images are perceptually similar. Further, the stego images are robust against image processing distortions.

Secret communication using Public Key steganography

With advances in technology, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have found new applications and their popularity has increased dramatically In several applications, WSNs have the potential to replace wired data communication systems, eg in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) they are the natural option for data communication WSNs are also proposed for data communication in the emerging smart grid In this study, the authors merge these two application domains, ie VANET and smart grids, and propose a novel solution for effective smart grid data communication The authors’ proposed scheme achieves the task of collecting data from smart meters by utilising VANETs Using network simulator-2 and with different routing protocols, the authors have performed simulations and shown the efficacy of their scheme in terms of average end-to-end delay and delivery ratio

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/iet-its.2015.0058

Collecting Smart Meter Data via Public Transportation Buses

Vehicle detection and classification of vehicles play an important role in decision making for the purpose of traffic control and management. In this paper we propose a novel and efficient algorithm based on image processing using aerial cameras for vehicle detection and classification especially in highways. The algorithm is mainly based on a sequence of morphological methods being applied on an image taken by an aerial camera of a road segment. The algorithm also uses thresholding and edge detection techniques for vehicle detection. Experiments are carried out over a wide range of vehicles, road segments and camera heights. A success rate of more than 85% and proper vehicle classification is achieved.

Vehicle detection using morphological image processing technique

The selection of an appropriate routing protocol is a key issue when designing a scalable and efficient wireless networks. Various routing protocols have been used in wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate different routing protocols and evaluate their performances on 802.16 WiMAX networks. Using simulation, different routing protocols have been tested with various network parameters. Results show that DSDV in general outperforms other routing protocols.

/pdf/performance-of-routing-protocols-in-wimax-networks-2vbp7b26p5.pdf

Performance of Routing Protocols in WiMAX Networks

In this paper we propose an algorithm based upon Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm called Distributed LSB. This algorithm has better performance both in capacity and the amount of degradation which takes place in the cover image during secret data hiding. The embedding method is distributed amongst pixel based upon their intensity levels and not sequential as in case of the conventional LSB algorithm. Both algorithms are tested on various intensity images and results are presented in the form of absolute entropy curves. Obtain results show that Distributed LSB has better hiding capacity than conventional LSB technique.

Distributed Least Significant Bit technique for data hiding in images

Vehicle detection and classification of vehicles play an important role in decision making for the purpose of traffic control and management. We propose a novel and efficient algorithm based on image processing using vertically positioned camera for vehicle detection and classification according to their size. The algorithm is based on different techniques including image differencing, thresholding, edge detection and binary morphological process. Experiments are carried out over a wide range of vehicles, road segments and camera positions. A success rate of around 85% is achieved in both vehicle detection and classification.

A simple and novel method for vehicle detection and classification (a model based test)

In this paper, we propose two algorithms based on the popular Bit Plane Splicing Least Significant Bit (LSB) Technique for secret data hiding inside images. One major disadvantage of Bit Plane Splicing LSB technique is its low hiding capacity which results in severe degradation of the cover image upon hiding large amount of data. The proposed algorithms overcome this issue by imposing hiding rules based on the intensity level of pixels. In addition the method for data hiding is done in a non sequential manner using linear congruent random number generators. Experiment results show that the proposed techniques called Optimum Intensity Based Distributed Hiding (OIBDH) technique and Linear Congruent Optimum Intensity Based Distributed Hiding with Key (LC-OIBDH-k) outperforms Bit Plane Splicing LSB technique as they have better hiding capacity with less degradation in the cover image. Furthermore, the proposed algorithms are tested using absolute entropy curves and results show that our proposed techniques have lower absolute entropy difference compared to Bit Plane Splicing LSB technique in all the tested images and for different secret data sizes.

/pdf/improved-bit-plane-splicing-lsb-technique-for-secret-data-8zjogmbybu.pdf

Aisha Ajmal

Papers

Vehicle detection using morphological image processing technique

Performance of Routing Protocols in WiMAX Networks

Distributed Least Significant Bit technique for data hiding in images

A simple and novel method for vehicle detection and classification (a model based test)

Improved Bit Plane Splicing LSB Technique for Secret Data Hiding in Images Using Linear Congruent Method