This document provides updates to IEEE Std 802.16's MIB for the MAC, PHY and asso- ciated management procedures in order to accommodate recent extensions to the standard.

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Draft Amendment: Management Information Base Extensions

Hybridizing Extreme Learning Machines and Genetic Algorithms to select acoustic features in vehicle classification applications

This research aims to explore the effect of e-service quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Especially, the current paper focuses on customer perceptions and reactions to the tangible factors of e-service quality in the Business-to-Customer (B2C) area. This tangible eservice quality includes web design esthetics, ease of use, virtual tour, and visualization. In addition, intangible e-service quality involves information content, reliability, security, and customization. In order to investigate the interrelations among tangible and intangible eservice quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty, the survey is conducted. Data from 468 tourists, who have purchased hotel packages during the last three months from hotel Web sites, is used for testing the hypothesized model. The result shows that the significant effect of tangible e- e-service quality on the intangible e-service quality and the significant effectiveness of e-service quality in improving customer satisfaction and loyalty.

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The Tangibility and Intangibility of e-Service Quality

Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt and decrypt data and Steganography is the art and science of hiding communication; a steganographic system thus embeds hidden content in unremarkable cover media so as not to arouse an eavesdropper‟s suspicion. A novel scheme for the embedding data in images is CrypSteg in this method combined cryptography and Steganography process in one algorithm. First we encrypt the data and then embed with image with new Steganography algorithm. The method is very efficient especially when applied to those images whose pixels are scattered homogeneously and for small data. The given image is partitioned into four level blocks, and the data will be embedded into selected the four diagonal subblocks values depend upon key. This algorithm only requires fewer steps and it can embed data efficiently without discarding image. Embedding 4 bits information in a 4*4 pixel block need to change very less pixels on average. Furthermore, the quality of the produced stego-images is better than that of other methods. The quality of stego-image is greatly improved when this algorithm is used.

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A New Approach of Data Hiding in Images using Cryptography and Steganography

New low‐complexity segmentation scheme for the partial transmit sequence technique for reducing the high PAPR value in OFDM systems

Vehicle detection and classification of vehicles play an important role in decision making for the purpose of traffic control and management. In this paper we propose a novel and efficient algorithm based on image processing using aerial cameras for vehicle detection and classification especially in highways. The algorithm is mainly based on a sequence of morphological methods being applied on an image taken by an aerial camera of a road segment. The algorithm also uses thresholding and edge detection techniques for vehicle detection. Experiments are carried out over a wide range of vehicles, road segments and camera heights. A success rate of more than 85% and proper vehicle classification is achieved.

Vehicle detection using morphological image processing technique

The selection of an appropriate routing protocol is a key issue when designing a scalable and efficient wireless networks. Various routing protocols have been used in wireless networks. In this paper, we investigate different routing protocols and evaluate their performances on 802.16 WiMAX networks. Using simulation, different routing protocols have been tested with various network parameters. Results show that DSDV in general outperforms other routing protocols.

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Performance of Routing Protocols in WiMAX Networks

In wireless OFDM systems, a major cause for signal degradation during transmission is high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Selected mapping (SLM) is one efficient technique which reduces the peaks of a signal considerably. One drawback associated with this technique is its computational complexity. The computational complexity is directly related to the complexity of the IFFT block and increases as the number of sub-carriers increases. In this paper, an effort is done to reduce the computational complexity as well as to improve the PAPR performance of the conventional SLM technique. The proposed technique called Partial Selected Mapping in which the IFFT block is divided into smaller blocks and each block is used as a separate SLM block. Partial outputs of all sub-blocks are concatenated to form the final sequence. Simulation results show that the overall computational complexity of the proposed technique is lower than that of the conventional SLM technique with better PAPR performance. A reduction of around 3dB in PAPR performance at CCDF of 10 -3

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Low Complexity Partial SLM Technique for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Transmitters

In this paper we propose an algorithm based upon Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm called Distributed LSB. This algorithm has better performance both in capacity and the amount of degradation which takes place in the cover image during secret data hiding. The embedding method is distributed amongst pixel based upon their intensity levels and not sequential as in case of the conventional LSB algorithm. Both algorithms are tested on various intensity images and results are presented in the form of absolute entropy curves. Obtain results show that Distributed LSB has better hiding capacity than conventional LSB technique.

Distributed Least Significant Bit technique for data hiding in images

Vehicle detection and classification of vehicles play an important role in decision making for the purpose of traffic control and management. We propose a novel and efficient algorithm based on image processing using vertically positioned camera for vehicle detection and classification according to their size. The algorithm is based on different techniques including image differencing, thresholding, edge detection and binary morphological process. Experiments are carried out over a wide range of vehicles, road segments and camera positions. A success rate of around 85% is achieved in both vehicle detection and classification.

Ibrahim M. Hussain

Papers

Vehicle detection using morphological image processing technique

Performance of Routing Protocols in WiMAX Networks

Low Complexity Partial SLM Technique for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Transmitters

Distributed Least Significant Bit technique for data hiding in images

A simple and novel method for vehicle detection and classification (a model based test)