https://www.tcd.ie/Physics/people/Graham.Cross/SF%20Poster%202011/Inoue-ActaMater00-Stabilization%20of%20metallic%20supercooled%20liquid%20and%20bulk%20amorphous%20alloys.pdf

Stabilization of metallic supercooled liquid and bulk amorphous alloys

https://dc.engconfintl.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032&context=superalloys_ii

A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts

Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys

Amorphous alloys were first developed over 40 years ago and found applications as magnetic core or reinforcement added to other materials. The scope of applications is limited due to the small thickness in the region of only tens of microns. The research effort in the past two decades, mainly pioneered by a Japanese- and a US-group of scientists, has substantially relaxed this size constrain. Some bulk metallic glasses can have tensile strength up to 3000 MPa with good corrosion resistance, reasonable toughness, low internal friction and good processability. Bulk metallic glasses are now being used in consumer electronic industries, sporting goods industries, etc. In this paper, the authors reviewed the recent development of new alloy systems of bulk metallic glasses. The properties and processing technologies relevant to the industrial applications of these alloys are also discussed here. The behaviors of bulk metallic glasses under extreme conditions such as high pressure and low temperature are especially addressed in this review. In order that the scope of applications can be broadened, the understanding of the glass-forming criteria is important for the design of new alloy systems and also the processing techniques.

https://www.tcd.ie/Physics/people/Graham.Cross/SF%20Poster%202011/Shek-MaterSciEng04-Bulk%20Metallic%20Glasses.pdf

Bulk metallic glasses

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have been classified according to the atomic size difference, heat of mixing (� H mix ) and period of the constituent elements in the periodic table. The BMGs discovered to date are classified into seven groups on the basis of a previous result by Inoue. The seven groups are as follows: (G-I) ETM/Ln-LTM/BM-Al/Ga, (G-II) ETM/Ln-LTM/BM-Metalloid, (G-III) Al/Ga-LTM/BMMetalloid, (G-IV) IIA-ETM/Ln-LTM/BM, (G-V) LTM/BM-Metalloid, (G-VI) ETM/Ln-LTM/BM and (G-VII) IIA-LTM/BM, where ETM, Ln, LTM, BM and IIA refer to early transition, lanthanide, late transition, group IIIB–IVB and group IIA-group metals, respectively. The main alloying element of ternary G-I, G-V and G-VII, ternary G-II and G-IV, and ternary G-VI BMGs is the largest, intermediate and smallest atomic radius compared to the other alloying elements, respectively. The main alloying element of ternary BMGs belonging to G-I, G-V, G-VI and G

Classification of Bulk Metallic Glasses by Atomic Size Difference, Heat of Mixing and Period of Constituent Elements and Its Application to Characterization of the Main Alloying Element

Recent development and application products of bulk glassy alloys

Chemical mixing enthalpy (ΔH chem ) and mismatch entropy normalized by Boltzmann constant (S σ /k B ) corresponding to the three empirical rules for the achievement of high amorphous-forming ability (AFA) were calculated with thermodynamical functions for the gross number of 6450 alloys in 351 ternary amorphous systems. The temary amorphous alloys have ΔH chem of -86 to 25 kJ/mol and S σ /k B of 1.0 × 10 -3 to 5.7. The average values of ΔH chem and S σ /k B are calculated to be -33 kJ/mol and 0.33, respectively. The 30 alloys in 9 ternary amorphous systems including 10 alloys in Ag-Cu-Fe system have positive values of ΔH chem . Most of the ternary amorphous alloys have the values of ΔH chem and S σ /k B inside a trapezoid regicn in ΔH chem - log(S σ /k B ) chart except mainly for the H- and the C-containing alloys. Si-W-Zr system and the 32 alloys having positive values of ΔH chem . The analysis of AFA was carried out for typical five ternary amorphous systems. The following four results are derived. 1) Al-La-Ni and B-Fe-Zr alloys have high AFA in accordance with the concept of the three empirical rules. 2) The further multiplication of alloy components causes an increase in the AFA of Al-B-Fe alloys. 3) Thermodynamical factors represented by melting temperature and viscosity at the melting temperature are required for evaluation of AFA for Mg- and Pd-based amorphous alloys. 4) A tendency for log(S σ /k B ) to increase with decreasing ΔH chem is recognized in each alloys system, implying the stabilization of an amorphous phase against solid solution and intermediate phase.

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/matertrans1989/41/11/41_11_1372/_pdf

Calculations of Mixing Enthalpy and Mismatch Entropy for Ternary Amorphous Alloys.

New bulk amorphous alloys exhibiting a wide supercooled liquid region before crystallization were found in Fe–(Co,Ni)–(Zr,Nb,Ta)–(Mo,W)–B systems. The Tg is as high as about 870 K and the supercooled liquid region reaches 88 K. The high thermal stability of the supercooled liquid enabled the production of bulk amorphous alloys with diameters up to 6 mm. These bulk amorphous alloys exhibit a high compressive strength of 3800 MPa, high Vickers hardness of 1360, and high corrosion resistance. Besides, the amorphous alloys exhibit a high magnetic-flux density of 0.74–0.96 T, low coercivity of 1.1–3.2 A/m, high permeability exceeding 1.2×104 at 1 kHz, and low magnetostriction of about 12×10−6.

Bulk amorphous alloys with high mechanical strength and good soft magnetic properties in Fe–TM–B (TM=IV–VIII group transition metal) system

For thousands of years, metallic alloys have been among the most important materials used by mankind, and their importance as engineering materials remains as great now as ever. Without exception, all bulk metallic alloys used to date consist of crystalline materials with three-dimensional periodic atomic configurations. The instability of the liquid phase of metallic alloys below melting temperature had been thought to be a universal phenomenon, making the formation of a crystalline phase of the bulk metallic alloy unavoidable. In order to prevent transition from a liquid to a crystalline phase, extremely high cooling rates of the order 10 6 K/s are required and the alloys exhibiting critical cooling rates of 10 5 to 10 7 K/s are known as amorphous/glass forming alloys. 1, 2) As a result of the requirement for rapid cooling, amorphous alloys have usually been produced in a thin sheet form with thicknesses below 0.05 mm. The conventionally accepted concept that the supercooled liquid phase of metallic alloys is always unstable has been broken through by the recent successes in forming bulk glassy alloys in a number of transition metal-based alloy systems using the copper mold casting technique. 3‐5) In recent years, studies of the stabilization of metallic supercooled liquid and the resulting bulk glassy alloys have been significant not only for fundamental science but for engineering applications as well. In this paper we review our recent results on the formation and properties of bulk glassy alloys.

Akira Takeuchi

Papers

Classification of Bulk Metallic Glasses by Atomic Size Difference, Heat of Mixing and Period of Constituent Elements and Its Application to Characterization of the Main Alloying Element

Recent development and application products of bulk glassy alloys

Calculations of Mixing Enthalpy and Mismatch Entropy for Ternary Amorphous Alloys.

Bulk amorphous alloys with high mechanical strength and good soft magnetic properties in Fe–TM–B (TM=IV–VIII group transition metal) system

Recent Progress in Bulk Glassy Alloys