Introduction 1. Woman's Place in Man's Life Cycle 2. Images of Relationship 3. Concepts of Self and Morality 4. Crisis and Transition 5. Women's Rights and Women's Judgment 6. Visions of Maturity References Index of Study Participants General Index

In a Different Voice. Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA (Harvard University Press) 1982.

Symposium Review: 25th Anniversary of Moral Boundaries by Joan Tronto

Increasingly, frontiers between business and philanthropy seem to be blurred. Reward-Based Crowdfunding platforms contribute to this blurring of lines since they propose funders to support both for-profit and philanthropic projects. Our empirical paper explores the case of Ulule, the leading crowdfunding platform in Europe. Our results, based on a statistical analysis of more than 3000 projects, show that crowdfunding platforms foster specific kinds of relationships relying on reciprocal giving, beyond the usual opposition between altruistic and selfish motivations. We use the work of Marcel Mauss to account for this process of reciprocal giving, and we argue that Maussian theory of gift can be used more generally to describe funding activities in the context of early stage entrepreneurship.

Beyond the Opposition Between Altruism and Self-interest: Reciprocal Giving in Reward-Based Crowdfunding

In many countries in Western Europe, the demand for immigrant integration has inevitably raised questions about the 'societies' into which immigrants are asked to integrate. Imagined Societies critically intervenes in debates on immigrant integration and multiculturalism in Western Europe. Schinkel argues that the term 'multiculturalism' is not used primarily to describe a type of policy or political philosophy in countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany or Belgium, but rather as a rhetorical device that promotes demands for 'integration'. He analyses how such demands are ways of imagining the very idea of a 'host society' as 'modern', 'secular' and 'enlightened'. Starting from debates in social theory on social imaginaries, and drawing on public debates on citizenship, secularism and sexuality, and on the social science of measuring immigrant integration, this book presents a highly original study of immigrant integration that challenges our understanding of the concept of society.

Imagined Societies: A Critique of Immigrant Integration in Western Europe

In the last three decades, sustainability has become a guiding principle for states, organizations, companies, and social movements as well as a general ideal for social change. While sustainability seems to be a rather inevitable path of development, there is no consensus over the goals and visions of the future associated with this concept. Proponents of a “Green Economy,” for instance, regard economic growth as a prerequisite for sustainable development and advocate a modernization of society, which implies moderate adjustments toward a sustainable economy within the current institutional framework. Critics of this ecological modernization approach see the imperative of economic growth as an obstacle for sustainable development and instead support a fundamental transformation of society. A third perspective tries to solve the problems of sustainable development with wide-ranging politics of control, using concepts such as “ecological state of emergency” or enforcing resilience measures for vulnerable populations while creating safe enclaves for a privileged few. These three possible ideal typical trajectories of social change—modernization, transformation, and control—are not fixed yet, but rather represent different and highly contested imaginaries of the future. These imaginaries then structure distinctive practices of sustainability in the fields of politics, the economy, civil society, and science. These practices in turn are interdependent with specific structures, such as material infrastructures or the ecological system of the earth. The proposed conceptional framework uses the theoretical concepts of imaginaries, practices, and structures to study the possible futures of sustainability, specifically modernization, transformation, and control, as well as possible interdependencies between these developments. It focuses on sustainability as a sociological category indicative for understanding socioeconomic change, the emergence of new conflicts, inequalities, hierarchies, and justification patterns that result from including sustainable criteria into different fields, institutions, and value systems. Deciphering futures of sustainability does not aim at providing prognoses or forecasts, but intents to work out an analytical concept that asks how contemporary societies change when they are guided by imaginaries of sustainability.

Futures of sustainability as modernization, transformation, and control: a conceptual framework

This article calls for a new theoretical synthesis that overcomes the fragmentation, specialization and professionalization within the social sciences. As an alternative to utilitarianism and the c...

Neo-classical sociology The prospects of social theory today

La révolution du don : le management repensé à la lumière de l'anthropologie / Alain Caillé, Jean-Édouard Grésy

If one were to go by the incredible variety of writings that lay claim to the sociological label, or the improbable heterogeneity of training programmes in sociology – at every university what is taught under this name is different – one would have to conclude that the discipline exists only in the form of a fiction and that, as much as it would like to be scientific, it closely resembles an unattainable science of imaginary questions or solutions. In no other field of thought with pretensions to specialized knowledge does one find so great a gap between equally possible and accepted definitions of the object or of the method. As to its aim: following the French positivist tradition (from Saint-Simon to M. Mauss via A. Comte and Durkheim), sociology can be seen as the other name designating social science in general, including anthropology, history and part of economics and political philosophy, or else, on the contrary, as one particular social science discipline among others. And each of these two choices – the generalist or the particularist one – opens in its turn onto a whole series of possible options. Thus, the generalist aim can be pursued in a systemic perspective, with a strong emphasis on synchrony. Then the main focus of attention is on the more or less fragmentary unity of society and on the way in which it breaks down into more or less systemic and functional sub-systems, more or less mutually compatible or more or less irreducible and ‘differentiated’ (ausdifferenziert). Or else, on the contrary, priority is given to history, to chance, to contingent events, and the very idea of society or of a possible systemic coherence of the spheres of social action in their entirety is then minimized, if not ruled out altogether. The first option, which extends from Durkheim to Luhmann via Talcott Parsons, LéviStrauss and Louis Dumont, is that of the French sociological school, of functionalism, culturalism and structuralism. The second opens onto the gigantic field of comparative historical sociology whose incontestable champion is Max Weber. But it should be added that each of these two possible options is only able to fulfil its true potential by creating space within itself for the opposite option. European Journal of Social Theory 10(2): 277–286

Sociology as Anti-Utilitarianism:

Nous n’avons recu que des marques d’acquiescement lorsque, il y a quelques annees [3] nous avons suggere que les sciences sociales devaient satisfaire a quatre imperatifs a la fois irreductibles et interdependants : un imperatif empirique, celui d’observer et de decrire la realite ; un imperatif explicatif, celui de mettre en œuvre, autant que faire se peut, le principe de causalite ; un imperatif comprehensif, ou hermeneutique, ou encore dialogique, qui enjoint de traduire les causes en rais...

Engagement sociologique et démarche idéaliste-typique

In this work the author seeks to establish a relationship between Marcel Mauss’ theory of The Gift and the theoretical approaches to care, what he does

Alain Caillé

Papers

Neo-classical sociology The prospects of social theory today

La révolution du don : le management repensé à la lumière de l'anthropologie / Alain Caillé, Jean-Édouard Grésy

Sociology as Anti-Utilitarianism:

Engagement sociologique et démarche idéaliste-typique

Dádiva, Care e Saúde