Infectious Diseases Society of America.

This study suggests that there are sex differences in vocational attitude maturity. In the four-school stratified sample of eleventh grade boys and girls studied, the girls scored significantly higher than the boys in vocational attitude. No sex differences in overall level of self-esteem, as measured by the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, were found. For both sexes a significant relationship between the over all level of self-esteem and vocational attitude maturity was indicated, with the relationship being higher for males than for females. The self-concept variables of self-satisfaction, family, and moral-ethical self were found to contribute to the vocational attitude maturity of males. For females, the self-concept variables of identity and moral-ethical self contributed to their vocational attitude maturity.

Sex Differences in

羟氨苄青霉素引起大疱性类天疱疮样疹

The aim of this review paper is to summarize recent developments in the field of wearable sensors and systems that are relevant to the field of rehabilitation. The growing body of work focused on the application of wearable technology to monitor older adults and subjects with chronic conditions in the home and community settings justifies the emphasis of this review paper on summarizing clinical applications of wearable technology currently undergoing assessment rather than describing the development of new wearable sensors and systems. A short description of key enabling technologies (i.e. sensor technology, communication technology, and data analysis techniques) that have allowed researchers to implement wearable systems is followed by a detailed description of major areas of application of wearable technology. Applications described in this review paper include those that focus on health and wellness, safety, home rehabilitation, assessment of treatment efficacy, and early detection of disorders. The integration of wearable and ambient sensors is discussed in the context of achieving home monitoring of older adults and subjects with chronic conditions. Future work required to advance the field toward clinical deployment of wearable sensors and systems is discussed.

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A review of wearable sensors and systems with application in rehabilitation.

(1991). Applied Linear Regression Models. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 76-77.

Applied Linear Regression Models

This paper introduces an evaluation approach that was applied to clinical data collected from a virtual reality aided motor training program for post-stroke rehabilitation. The goal of the proposed evaluation approach is to diagnose the patient's current status (performance) and detect change in status over time (progression). Three measures, performance time, movement efficiency, and movement speed, were defined to represent kinematic features of reaching. 3-D performance maps and progression maps were generated based on each kinematic measure to visualize a single patient's behavior. The case study revealed the patient's current status as to direction and range of upper extremity reach ability, composed of pitch, yaw and arm length. Further, progression was found and visualized quantitatively over a series of practice sessions. Keywords: Virtual reality, rehabilitation, evaluation approach, human computer interaction.

Evaluation Approach for Post-stroke Rehabilitation Via Virtual Reality Aided Motor Training

Computer-assisted psychotherapy represents a major new development in clinical practice and is expected to play an increasingly important role over the next 10 years. Use of computers in therapy ranges from relatively simple communication-support tools, to the use of complex simulations and synthetic agents in virtual reality environments. At the simpler end of this spectrum, computer-mediated communication (CMC) has already entered clinical practice, in the form of internet communication, email and video-conferencing. While clearly important, these technologies are not as potentially revolutionary as the use of synthetic agents and simulated virtual environments. It is these more sophisticated computer technologies that are the primary focus of this panel. The success of existing virtual environments to treat phobias and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) suggests further exploration of these technologies. Specifically, the augmentation of existing virtual environments with virtual synthetic agents, capable of playing a variety of roles, such as social therapeutic companions for supportive therapies, participants in interactive models of internal dramas or conflicts for psychodynamic therapies, coaches and ‘practice partners’ for cognitive-behavioral therapies, and virtual ‘stand-ins’

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Panel on “Artificial Agents for Psychotherapy”

This case study describes the expansion of the BRAVEMIND virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) system from the domain of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to the domain of PTSD due to Military Sexual Trauma (MST). As VRET continues to demonstrate efficacy in treating PTSD across multiple trauma types and anxiety disorders, adapting existing systems and content to new domains while simultaneously maintaining clinical integrity is becoming a high priority. To develop BRAVEMIND-MST we engaged in an iterative participatory design process with psychologists, engineers, and artists. This first-person account of our collaborative development process focuses on three key areas (1) VR Environment, (2) User-Avatar State, and (3) Events, while detailing the challenges we encountered and lessons learned. This process culminated in eight design guidelines as a first-step in defining a VRET domain transfer methodology.

Iterative Participatory Design for VRET Domain Transfer: From Combat Exposure to Military Sexual Trauma

The stressful experiences that have been characteristic of the combat environments in Iraq and Afghanistan have produced significant numbers of returning service members at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychosocial/behavioral health conditions. This paper describes a set of projects that are expanding the content for inclusion in a newly updated "Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan" Virtual Reality system for the delivery of exposure therapy (VRET) for PTSD with Service Members and Veterans. In addition to the complete rebuilding of this VRET system using the latest version of the Unity Game Engine, the system's content and functionality has been expanded to now support the use of VRET with combat medics/corpsmen and persons who have experienced military sexual trauma (MST). The focus of this paper is to present the rationale and general overview of the progress on these projects that will provide new relevant and customizable options for conducting VRET with a wider range of trauma experiences.

Albert Rizzo

Papers

Evaluation Approach for Post-stroke Rehabilitation Via Virtual Reality Aided Motor Training

Panel on “Artificial Agents for Psychotherapy”

Iterative Participatory Design for VRET Domain Transfer: From Combat Exposure to Military Sexual Trauma

Expansion of a VR Exposure Therapy System for Combat-Related PTSD to Medics/Corpsman and Persons Following Military Sexual Trauma.

Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan and how it is helping some Troops and Vets with PTSD