Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are formed by reticular synthesis, which creates strong bonds between inorganic and organic units. Careful selection of MOF constituents can yield crystals of ultrahigh porosity and high thermal and chemical stability. These characteristics allow the interior of MOFs to be chemically altered for use in gas separation, gas storage, and catalysis, among other applications. The precision commonly exercised in their chemical modification and the ability to expand their metrics without changing the underlying topology have not been achieved with other solids. MOFs whose chemical composition and shape of building units can be multiply varied within a particular structure already exist and may lead to materials that offer a synergistic combination of properties.

The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks

A critical review of the emerging field of MOF-based catalysis is presented. Discussed are examples of: (a) opportunistic catalysis with metal nodes, (b) designed catalysis with framework nodes, (c) catalysis by homogeneous catalysts incorporated as framework struts, (d) catalysis by MOF-encapsulated molecular species, (e) catalysis by metal-free organic struts or cavity modifiers, and (f) catalysis by MOF-encapsulated clusters (66 references).

Metal–organic framework materials as catalysts

3.2.3. Hydroformylation 2467 3.2.4. Dimerization 2468 3.2.5. Oxidative Cleavage and Ozonolysis 2469 3.2.6. Metathesis 2470 4. Terpenes 2472 4.1. Pinene 2472 4.1.1. Isomerization: R-Pinene 2472 4.1.2. Epoxidation of R-Pinene 2475 4.1.3. Isomerization of R-Pinene Oxide 2477 4.1.4. Hydration of R-Pinene: R-Terpineol 2478 4.1.5. Dehydroisomerization 2479 4.2. Limonene 2480 4.2.1. Isomerization 2480 4.2.2. Epoxidation: Limonene Oxide 2480 4.2.3. Isomerization of Limonene Oxide 2481 4.2.4. Dehydroisomerization of Limonene and Terpenes To Produce Cymene 2481

Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals

2.2. MOFs with Metal Active Sites 4614 2.2.1. Early Studies 4614 2.2.2. Hydrogenation Reactions 4618 2.2.3. Oxidation of Organic Substrates 4620 2.2.4. CO Oxidation to CO2 4626 2.2.5. Phototocatalysis by MOFs 4627 2.2.6. Carbonyl Cyanosilylation 4630 2.2.7. Hydrodesulfurization 4631 2.2.8. Other Reactions 4632 2.3. MOFs with Reactive Functional Groups 4634 2.4. MOFs as Host Matrices or Nanometric Reaction Cavities 4636

Engineering Metal Organic Frameworks for Heterogeneous Catalysis

Although homogeneous gold catalysis was known previously, an exponential growth was only induced 12 years ago. The key findings which induce that rise of the field are discussed. This includes early reactions of allenes and furanynes and intermediates of these conversions as well as hydroarylation reactions. Other substrate types addressed are alkynyl epoxides and N-propargyl carboxamides. Important vinylgold intermediates, the transmetalation from gold to other transition metals, the development of new ligands for gold catalysis, and significant contributions from computational chemistry are other crucial points for the field highlighted here.

Gold-Catalyzed Organic Reactions

The present study investigated the cross-cultural mobility mental representations of a sample of forty-one academically talented Brazilians living in countries that offer opportunities to improve their talents. Technical-empirical instruments such as a demographic survey and a semi-structured interview script were used, and the Descending Hierarchical Classification Analysis (Iramuteq—Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires) was employed to compare the classes of words (clusters). Descriptive and inferential statistics (e.g., chi-square) with a 1 degree of freedom and 5% significance level were run as default. Results indicated an increase in the number of academically talented Brazilians going abroad over the last decade, with notable mobility triggers (e.g., development opportunities, quality of life, professional recognition) identified. As opportunities for these people are not always available in their countries, not migrating can represent an interruption in their talent development process, which extends throughout their life course. Cross-cultural mobility not only represents an exercise of personal agency or academic collaboration but also an escape from adverse social and political conditions. 

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Cross-cultural Mobility Representations of Academically Talented Brazilians: Triggers and Challenges

Assessment of the chemical looping gasification of wheat straw pellets at the 20 kWth scale

The aim of this study is to analyze how the growth of renewable energy in the power market is affecting workers health and what are the cost implications of having a healthier workforce. To tackle this issue, Big Data from occupational health surveillance carried out to over 4,000 workers in Spanish companies is used to unveil hidden patterns and relevant factors affecting workers health. Machine learning is used to create a predictive Bayesian model in order to seek out relevant patterns that allow to design more effective prevention plans. The results obtained shed light on the positive impact that an increasing renewable generation of electricity can produce to workers health in the electric industry. Skin problems are the main pathology identified, where nervous system diseases are found to be reduced for renewable generation workers.

Alberto Abad

Papers

Cross-cultural Mobility Representations of Academically Talented Brazilians: Triggers and Challenges

Assessment of the chemical looping gasification of wheat straw pellets at the 20 kWth scale

The Impact of Renewable Energy for Occupational Health in the Smart Grid Era

Evaluation of the effect of pressure and heat transfer on the efficiency of a batch fuel reactor, using Iron-based Oxygen Carrier with a CFD model