Global warming and climate change concerns have triggered global efforts to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is considered a crucial strategy for meeting CO2 emission reduction targets. In this paper, various aspects of CCS are reviewed and discussed including the state of the art technologies for CO2 capture, separation, transport, storage, leakage, monitoring, and life cycle analysis. The selection of specific CO2 capture technology heavily depends on the type of CO2 generating plant and fuel used. Among those CO2 separation processes, absorption is the most mature and commonly adopted due to its higher efficiency and lower cost. Pipeline is considered to be the most viable solution for large volume of CO2 transport. Among those geological formations for CO2 storage, enhanced oil recovery is mature and has been practiced for many years but its economical viability for anthropogenic sources needs to be demonstrated. There are growing interests in CO2 storage in saline aquifers due to their enormous potential storage capacity and several projects are in the pipeline for demonstration of its viability. There are multiple hurdles to CCS deployment including the absence of a clear business case for CCS investment and the absence of robust economic incentives to support the additional high capital and operating costs of the whole CCS process.

https://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/96980/Current-status-carbon-capture.pdf

An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is broadly recognised as having the potential to play a key role in meeting climate change targets, delivering low carbon heat and power, decarbonising industry and, more recently, its ability to facilitate the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, despite this broad consensus and its technical maturity, CCS has not yet been deployed on a scale commensurate with the ambitions articulated a decade ago. Thus, in this paper we review the current state-of-the-art of CO2 capture, transport, utilisation and storage from a multi-scale perspective, moving from the global to molecular scales. In light of the COP21 commitments to limit warming to less than 2 °C, we extend the remit of this study to include the key negative emissions technologies (NETs) of bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), and direct air capture (DAC). Cognisant of the non-technical barriers to deploying CCS, we reflect on recent experience from the UK's CCS commercialisation programme and consider the commercial and political barriers to the large-scale deployment of CCS. In all areas, we focus on identifying and clearly articulating the key research challenges that could usefully be addressed in the coming decade.

/pdf/carbon-capture-and-storage-ccs-the-way-forward-11rgsqyer0.pdf

Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward

Advances in CO2 capture technology—The U.S. Department of Energy's Carbon Sequestration Program ☆

http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/78793/1/Progress%20in%20chemical-looping%20combustion%20and%20ref....2012.pdf

Progress in chemical-looping combustion and reforming technologies

In recent years, Carbon Capture and Storage (Sequestration) (CCS) has been proposed as a potential method to allow the continued use of fossil-fuelled power stations whilst preventing emissions of CO2 from reaching the atmosphere. Gas, coal (and biomass)-fired power stations can respond to changes in demand more readily than many other sources of electricity production, hence the importance of retaining them as an option in the energy mix. Here, we review the leading CO2 capture technologies, available in the short and long term, and their technological maturity, before discussing CO2 transport and storage. Current pilot plants and demonstrations are highlighted, as is the importance of optimising the CCS system as a whole. Other topics briefly discussed include the viability of both the capture of CO2 from the air and CO2 reutilisation as climate change mitigation strategies. Finally, we discuss the economic and legal aspects of CCS.

Carbon capture and storage update

http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/78281/1/Mapping%20of%20the%20range%20of%20operational.....pdf

Mapping of the range of operational conditions for Cu-, Fe-, and Ni-based oxygen carriers in chemical-looping combustion

https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/73462/1/Development%20of%20Cu-based--Diego%20Poza%2c%20de.pdf

Development of Cu-based oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion

Ilmenite, a natural mineral composed of FeTiO3, is a low-cost and promising oxygen carrier (OC) for solid fuels combustion in a chemical-looping combustion (CLC) system. The aim of this study is to analyze the behavior of ilmenite as an OC in CLC and the changes in its properties through redox cycles. Experiments consisting of reduction−oxidation cycles in a thermogravimetric analyzer were carried out using the main products of coal pyrolysis and gasification, that is, CH4, H2, and CO, as reducing gases. Characterizations of ilmenite through scanning electron microscopy−energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM−EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Hg porosimetry, N2 fisisorption, He pycnometry, and hardness measures have been performed. Both fresh and previously calcined at 1223 K ilmenite have been used as initial OCs. Fresh ilmenite reacts slowly; nevertheless, there is a gain in reactivity in reduction as well as in oxidation with the number of cycles. This activation occurs for all tested fuel gases and is faster if ilm...

/pdf/ilmenite-activation-during-consecutive-redox-cycles-in-2rjua0nrhv.pdf

Ilmenite Activation during Consecutive Redox Cycles in Chemical-Looping Combustion

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) currently is an attractive option to decrease the greenhouse gas emissions that affect global warming, because it is a combustion process with inherent CO2 separation and with low energy losses. The CLC concept is based on the transfer of oxygen from the combustion air to fuel by means of an oxygen carrier in the form of a metal oxide. The system consists of two separate but interconnected reactors, normally fluidized-bed type. In the fuel reactor, the oxygen carrier particles react with fuel and generate a gas stream mainly composed of CO2 and H2O. The reduced metal oxide is later transported to the air reactor, where oxygen from the air is transferred to the particles; in this way, one can obtain the original metal oxide ready to be returned to the fuel reactor for a new cycle. In this work, a 10 kWth pilot plant that is composed of two interconnected bubbling fluidized-bed reactors has been designed and built to demonstrate the CLC technology. The prototype was operate...

/pdf/chemical-looping-combustion-in-a-10-kwth-prototype-using-a-19tkvzo2ln.pdf

Luis F. de Diego

Papers

Progress in chemical-looping combustion and reforming technologies

Mapping of the range of operational conditions for Cu-, Fe-, and Ni-based oxygen carriers in chemical-looping combustion

Development of Cu-based oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion

Ilmenite Activation during Consecutive Redox Cycles in Chemical-Looping Combustion

Chemical Looping Combustion in a 10 kWth Prototype Using a CuO/Al2O3 Oxygen Carrier: Effect of Operating Conditions on Methane Combustion