This review covers several basic methodologies of surface treatment and their effects on titanium (Ti) implants. The importance of each treatment and its effects will be discussed in detail in order to compare their effectiveness in promoting osseointegration. Published literature for the last 18 years was selected with the use of keywords like titanium dental implant, surface roughness, coating, and osseointegration. Significant surface roughness played an important role in providing effective surface for bone implant contact, cell proliferation, and removal torque, despite having good mechanical properties. Overall, published studies indicated that an acid etched surface-modified and a coating application on commercial pure titanium implant was most preferable in producing the good surface roughness. Thus, a combination of a good surface roughness and mechanical properties of titanium could lead to successful dental implants.

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Surface Modifications and Their Effects on Titanium Dental Implants

Antibacterial titanium surfaces for medical implants

Nano-scale modification of titanium implant surfaces to enhance osseointegration

A critical review of multifunctional titanium surfaces: New frontiers for improving osseointegration and host response, avoiding bacteria contamination.

The use of porous silicon (PSi) as a sensor for detection of various analytes is reviewed. The optical or electrical properties of PSi are key sensing parameters that have been used in many chemical and biological sensing applications. PSi is a promising candidate due to ease of fabrication, large surface area, various accessible pore sizes and morphologies, controllable surface modification and its compatibility with conventional silicon processing technology. The adsorption of chemical or biological molecules into the pores modifies the electrical and/or optical properties, allowing convenient and sensitive measurement approach. In this review, we provide a critical assessment of the development of PSi as a promising material for chemical and biosensing applications. Formation procedures of PSi with various pore sizes and morphologies are firstly given. Surface properties and structural characteristics of the material are briefly described. The recent progress on utilization of such porous structures in chemical and biosensing applications is then addressed in the context of surface chemistry effects and nanostructures, measuring approaches, operating concepts and device sensitivity and stability. Finally, concluding remarks with existing challenges that hinder the material for commercial use are highlighted.

Porous silicon chemical sensors and biosensors: A review

Abstract In this work, sintered pellets of a silica-based bioactive glass were dip-coated with a biocompatible natural-derived polymer in order to investigate the influence of the organic coating on the glass bioactivity. After the sintering process optimization, uncoated and coated pellets have been characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM, EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and pH measurements, after the immersion in a simulated body fluid (SBF). An increased apatite forming ability and a better control of the pH during soaking of the samples in SBF were observed in the presence of the biopolymer. This result opens a new insight on the simple fabrication of highly bioactive hybrid inorganic-organic materials for medical applications.

Enhanced apatite precipitation on a biopolymer-coated bioactive glass

The evaluation of the chlorophyll content in fruit peel is usually performed by means of complex destructive procedures that include extraction and separation. In the present work, a non-destructive procedure, based on UV-Vis spectroscopy in the diffuse reflectance mode, is proposed for the quantitative measurement of both chlorophylls a and b, utilising the spectral range in which molecules other than chlorophylls show low absorbance. Two methods are presented and compared, one based on multivariate analysis over the whole range, and the other based on a linear regression at two meaningful wavelengths

Fast non-destructive determination of chlorophylls in apple skin

La data di raccolta viene generalmente determinata sulla base di indicatori quali il trend climatico, l'esperienza del coltivatore e utilizzando alcuni indici di maturazione (durezza, contenuto di amido, di solidi totali e di clorofilla). Questi indici si basano su metodi distruttivi, spesso non rappresentativi della variabilita all'interno del lotto e, soprattutto, non consentono di monitorare i cambiamenti fisiologici sugli stessi campioni durante l'intero periodo di maturazione. Recentemente sono stati messi a punto diversi metodi spettroscopici nel range dell'UV-Vis e NIR per l'analisi di parametri qualitativi di prodotti ortofrutticoli, metodi che hanno il vantaggio di essere veloci e non distruttivi; particolarmente interessante risulta l'applicazione di strumentazione portatile in questi intervalli spettrali. In queste applicazioni la spettroscopia UV-Vis viene usata per l'analisi di specifiche bande di assorbimento legate a pigmenti presenti nella buccia dei frutti, come la clorofilla, mentre la tecnologia NIR risulta utile per l'elaborazione di modelli di regressione multivariati per la predizione del contenuto di diversi parametri di qualita. Questo lavoro e focalizzato sull'applicazione in campo della spettroscopia UV-Vis e NIR, in modalita di riflettanza diffusa e utilizzando strumentazione portatile al fine di monitorare il grado di maturazione dei frutti direttamente sull'albero. In parallelo vengono eseguite le misure distruttive per i parametri convenzionali e questi valori correlati agli spettri NIR attraverso un'elaborazione dei dati multivariata

Alberto Venturello

Papers

Enhanced apatite precipitation on a biopolymer-coated bioactive glass

Fast non-destructive determination of chlorophylls in apple skin

Applicazione in campo di strumentazione portatile ft-nir e uv-vis per la determinazione del grado di maturazione di frutti climaterici

UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for non-destructive monitoring of food

Diffuse Reflectance UV-Vis Spectroscopy in food monitoring