Since the discovery of highly conducting polyacetylene by Shirakawa, MacDiarmid, and Heeger in 1977, π-conjugated systems have attracted much attention as futuristic materials for the development and production of the next generation of electronics, that is, organic electronics. Conceptually, organic electronics are quite different from conventional inorganic solid state electronics because the structural versatility of organic semiconductors allows for the incorporation of functionality by molecular design. This versatility leads to a new era in the design of electronic devices. To date, the great number of π-conjugated semiconducting materials that have either been discovered or synthesized generate an exciting library of π-conjugated systems for use in organic electronics. 11 However, some key challenges for further advancement remain: the low mobility and stability of organic semiconductors, the lack of knowledge regarding structure property relationships for understanding the fundamental chemical aspects behind the structural design, and realization of desired properties. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are a kind of device consisting of an organic semiconducting layer, a gate insulator layer, and three terminals (drain, source, and gate electrodes). OFETs are not only essential building blocks for the next generation of cheap and flexible organic circuits, but they also provide an important insight into the charge transport of πconjugated systems. Therefore, they act as strong tools for the exploration of the structure property relationships of πconjugated systems, such as parameters of field-effect mobility (μ, the drift velocity of carriers under unit electric field), current on/off ratio (the ratio of the maximum on-state current to the minimum off-state current), and threshold voltage (the minimum gate voltage that is required to turn on the transistor). 17 Since the discovery of OFETs in the 1980s, they have attracted much attention. Research onOFETs includes the discovery, design, and synthesis of π-conjugated systems for OFETs, device optimization, development of applications in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, flexible displays, electronic papers, sensors, and so forth. It is beyond the scope of this review to cover all aspects of π-conjugated systems; hence, our focus will be on the performance analysis of π-conjugated systems in OFETs. This should make it possible to extract information regarding the fundamental merit of semiconducting π-conjugated materials and capture what is needed for newmaterials and what is the synthesis orientation of newπ-conjugated systems. In fact, for a new science with many practical applications, the field of organic electronics is progressing extremely rapidly. For example, using “organic field effect transistor” or “organic field effect transistors” as the query keywords to search the Web of Science citation database, it is possible to show the distribution of papers over recent years as shown in Figure 1A. It is very clear

Semiconducting π-conjugated systems in field-effect transistors: a material odyssey of organic electronics.

3.7. Palladium Nanoparticles as Catalysts 888 3.8. Other Transition-Metal Complexes 888 3.9. Transition-Metal-Free Reactions 889 4. Applications 889 4.1. Alkynylation of Arenes 889 4.2. Alkynylation of Heterocycles 891 4.3. Synthesis of Enynes and Enediynes 894 4.4. Synthesis of Ynones 896 4.5. Synthesis of Carbocyclic Systems 897 4.6. Synthesis of Heterocyclic Systems 898 4.7. Synthesis of Natural Products 903 4.8. Synthesis of Electronic and Electrooptical Molecules 906

https://www.chem.ccu.edu.tw/~joyce/referance/ericyang/Chem.%20Rev/Chem.%20Rev.%202007,%20107,%20874-922.pdf

The Sonogashira Reaction: A Booming Methodology in Synthetic Organic Chemistry†

Fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates. II: inhibitors and mechanisms of inhibition.

The interaction between an electronically excited photocatalyst and an organic molecule can result in the genertion of a diverse array of reactive intermediates that can be manipulated in a variety of ways to result in synthetically useful bond constructions. This Review summarizes dual-catalyst strategies that have been applied to synthetic photochemistry. Mechanistically distinct modes of photocatalysis are discussed, including photoinduced electron transfer, hydrogen atom transfer, and energy transfer. We focus upon the cooperative interactions of photocatalysts with redox mediators, Lewis and Bronsted acids, organocatalysts, enzymes, and transition metal complexes.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00018

Dual Catalysis Strategies in Photochemical Synthesis

This article is written from an organic chemist's point of view and provides an up-to-date review about organic solar cells based on small molecules or oligomers as absorbers and in detail deals with devices that incorporate planar-heterojunctions (PHJ) and bulk heterojunctions (BHJ) between a donor (p-type semiconductor) and an acceptor (n-type semiconductor) material. The article pays particular attention to the design and development of molecular materials and their performance in corresponding devices. In recent years, a substantial amount of both, academic and industrial research, has been directed towards organic solar cells, in an effort to develop new materials and to improve their tunability, processability, power conversion efficiency, and stability. On the eve of commercialization of organic solar cells, this review provides an overview over efficiencies attained with small molecules/oligomers in OSCs and reflects materials and device concepts developed over the last decade. Approaches to enhancing the efficiency of organic solar cells are analyzed.

Small molecule organic semiconductors on the move: promises for future solar energy technology.

Preface. Abbreviations and Acronyms. Diels-Alder Reaction: General Remarks. Thermal Diels-Alder Reactions. Lewis-Acid Catalyzed Diels-Alder Reaction. Diels-Alder Reaction Facilitated by Special Physical and Chemical Methods. High Pressure Diels-Alder Reaction. Diels-Alder Reaction in Unconventional Reaction Media. Diels-Alder Reaction Compilation. Subject Index.

The Diels-Alder Reaction: Selected Practical Methods

Classifications: Dienes Dienophilic Center Diels-AlderReaction: Diene Dienophile Reactivity and FMO Theory Regioselectivity Stereoselectivity Open-Chain Dienes:1,3-Butadienes Hetereo-1,3-Butadienes References Outer-RingDienes: Reactivity, Selectivity, Synthesis Tables of Diels-AlderReactions References Inner-Outer Ring Dienes: Reactivity,Selectivity, Synthesis Tables of Diels-Alder Reactions References Across-Rings Dienes Reactivity, Selectivity,Synthesis References Inner-Ring Dienes: Carbocyclic Dienes Six-Membered Rings Seven-, Eight-, and Ten- Membered Rings Aromatic Hydrocarbons Heterocyclic Dienes BenzofusedFive-Membered Rings Six-Membered Rings.

Dienes in the Diels-Alder reaction

The synthesis of a novel anthracene-core molecule with hexyloxy side chains has been reported, and the influence as donor material on the solar cell performance has been investigated. Devices fabricated with this new compound exhibit a power conversion efficiency of up to 1.12%.

Novel Anthracene-Core Molecule for the Development of Efficient PCBM-Based Solar Cells

/pdf/formation-of-aromatic-compounds-from-carbohydrates-part-iii-qq73jitgc1.pdf

Formation of aromatic compounds from carbohydrates. part iii. reaction of d-glucose and d-fructose in slightly acidic, aqueous solution

https://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b8/b820829h/b820829h.pdf

Aldo Taticchi

Papers

The Diels-Alder Reaction: Selected Practical Methods

Dienes in the Diels-Alder reaction

Novel Anthracene-Core Molecule for the Development of Efficient PCBM-Based Solar Cells

Formation of aromatic compounds from carbohydrates. part iii. reaction of d-glucose and d-fructose in slightly acidic, aqueous solution

Conjugated anthracene derivatives as donor materials for bulk heterojunction solar cells: olefinic versus acetylenic spacers