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Art of electronics

This third edition of what has now become a well-established textbook in cardiovascular medicine is again edited by Dr Eugene Braunwald with the assistance of 65 other authors who read like a Who's Who of American Cardiology. Since the second edition, 12 new chapters have been added or substituted and others have been significantly revised. The first volume includes Part I on "Examination of the Patient" and Part II on "Normal and Abnormal Circulatory Function." The second volume deals with specific diseases. Part III, "Diseases of the Heart, Pericardium and Vascular System," includes new sections on "Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease," "The Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis," and "Interventional Catheterization Techniques." Part IV, "Broader Perspectives on Heart Disease and Cardiologic Practice," includes new chapters on "Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease," "Aging in Cardiac Disease," and "Cost Effective Strategies in Cardiology." The last 200 pages of the book (Part V) are devoted to

Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine

There has been a great deal of material in the area of discrete-time transforms that has been published in recent years. This book does an excellent job of presenting important aspects of such material in a clear manner. The book has 11 chapters and a very useful appendix. Seven of these chapters are essentially devoted to the Fourier series/transform, discrete Fourier transform, fast Fourier transform (FFT), and applications of the FFT in the area of spectral estimation. Chapters 8 through 10 deal with many other discrete-time transforms and algorithms to compute them. Of these transforms, the KarhunenLoeve, the discrete cosine, and the Walsh-Hadamard transform are perhaps the most well-known. A lucid discussion of number theoretic transforms i5 presented in Chapter 11. This reviewer feels that the authors have done a fine job of compiling the pertinent material and presenting it in a concise and clear manner. There are a number of problems at the end of each chapter, an appreciable number of which are challenging. The authors have included a comprehensive set of references at the end of the book. In brief, this book is a valuable contribution to the general areas of signal processing and communications. It can be used for a graduate level course in perhaps two ways. One would be to cover the first seven chapters in great detail. The other would be to cover the whole book by focussing on different topics in a selective manner. This book  by  Elliott  and Rao  is extremely  useful to researchers/engineers who are working  in the areas of signal processing and communications. It i s also an excellent reference book, and hence a valuable addition to one’s library

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/31347/01457444.pdf

Multirate digital signal processing

BACKGROUND In 2013, New York began requiring hospitals to follow protocols for the early identification and treatment of sepsis. However, there is controversy about whether more rapid treatment of sepsis improves outcomes in patients. METHODS We studied data from patients with sepsis and septic shock that were reported to the New York State Department of Health from April 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016. Patients had a sepsis protocol initiated within 6 hours after arrival in the emergency department and had all items in a 3‐hour bundle of care for patients with sepsis (i.e., blood cultures, broad‐spectrum antibiotic agents, and lactate measurement) completed within 12 hours. Multilevel models were used to assess the associations between the time until completion of the 3‐hour bundle and risk‐adjusted mortality. We also examined the times to the administration of antibiotics and to the completion of an initial bolus of intravenous fluid. RESULTS Among 49,331 patients at 149 hospitals, 40,696 (82.5%) had the 3‐hour bundle completed within 3 hours. The median time to completion of the 3‐hour bundle was 1.30 hours (interquartile range, 0.65 to 2.35), the median time to the administration of antibiotics was 0.95 hours (interquartile range, 0.35 to 1.95), and the median time to completion of the fluid bolus was 2.56 hours (interquartile range, 1.33 to 4.20). Among patients who had the 3‐hour bundle completed within 12 hours, a longer time to the completion of the bundle was associated with higher risk‐adjusted in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.04 per hour; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.05; P<0.001), as was a longer time to the administration of antibiotics (odds ratio, 1.04 per hour; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.06; P<0.001) but not a longer time to the completion of a bolus of intravenous fluids (odds ratio, 1.01 per hour; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.02; P=0.21). CONCLUSIONS More rapid completion of a 3‐hour bundle of sepsis care and rapid administration of antibiotics, but not rapid completion of an initial bolus of intravenous fluids, were associated with lower risk‐adjusted in‐hospital mortality. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.)

Supplement to: Time to treatment and mortality during mandated emergency care for sepsis.

Heart Disease A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine

Professional Wireless Microphone Systems (PWMS), transmitting voice and music in live events such as concerts or conferences, demand the highest level of sound quality and reliability. Dropouts, noise and interference have to be prevented at any moment of the transmission. At present, these requirements can be fulfilled as PWMS utilize locally unused TV channels and thus operate in a protected radio environment. However, in the near future, the "Digital Dividend" will open the spectrum to other users, leading to less spectrum allocation to PWMS. In order to maintain the high quality of service of the radio links, the Specialist Task Force STF386 on Cognitive Programme Making and Special Events (C-PMSE) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) proposed a proactive cognitive approach. A major part of this proposition is a Scanning Receiver Subsystem (SCS) that monitors the current spectrum occupation according to which a Cognitive Engine can dynamically configure the radio links. The SCS is composed of multiple Scanning Receivers (SCR) that measure the spectrum occupation at different locations within an event site and one or more Scanning Receiver Controllers (SCC). The SCC combine these observations to determine positions of interferers and estimate their future locations as well as their impact on the microphone links. This paper reviews the current activities of ETSI for standardization of a cognitive wireless microphone system with an in depth focus on the scanning receiver subsystem. Furthermore, the hardware of a low-cost scanning receiver, which has been developed and tested at our institute, is presented. The proposed receiver architecture fulfills the spectrum sensing capabilities recommended by ETSI and can be built at an affordable price, allowing the described proactive cognitive radio system to be realized.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6088021/6100919/06100954.pdf

Demonstrator of a scanning receiver subsystem for cognitive Professional Wireless Microphone Systems

Six-Port receivers require a precise power measurement of all their four output channels. However, due to temperature drift, fabrication and component tolerances detectors' performance may have some degradation, which limits the measurement accuracy. Thus, an in-situ detector characterization is necessary. In this paper, a fast and simple solution for estimating the diode detector's characteristics is presented, which is ideal for Six-Port diode power detectors. This method is fast and can be easily implemented on a microcontroller.

Fast in-situ diode detector characterization for Six-Port interferometer receivers

Recent investigations demonstrated that porosification of LTCC enables a local modification of material properties, in particular of the effective permittivity. These studies revealed that the electric field strength is highest at the lower conductor track edges on the porosified substrate. The local field strength peaks cause substantial influence on the effectiveness of permittivity reduction due near-surface material abrasions. In this paper, the influences of these randomly fringed boundaries on electromagnetic properties are investigated for different degrees of fraying. The gained results are compared to measured screen print edges by scanning electron microscope image analysis of co-fired and post-fired gold conductors, and will contribute for reliable circuit design on porous LTCC in the future.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/6607255/6632166/06632433.pdf

Electromagnetic analysis of fringed microstrip lines on porosified LTCC

With the growing application of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) and underwater construction, i.e. robotic manipulator and maintenance systems, there is an increasing demand on precise underwater distance sensors. In this paper we present a low-cost, short-range and contactless sensor which uses electromagnetical (EM) waves for measuring distances underwater. The measurement system is based on interferometric radar applying a six-port interferometer and using EM waves at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. Measurement series in fresh water have been carried out showing an precision of below 100µm up to a distance of 35mm with only 8dBm of transmit power. Due to the high measurement rate the system can also be employed for vibration analysis. Additionally, by connecting a commercial 2.4 GHz data transceiver, it is imaginable for the system to be simultaneously used for high data rate communication between, e.g. AUV and unmanned underwater platforms (UUP).

Underwater interferometric radar sensor for distance and vibration measurement

This paper investigates the influence of nonlinearities on relative distance measurements by continuous-wave radar systems. For the case of a six-port receiver architecture, a mathematical relationship between detector nonlinearity and measurement error is derived. Moreover, a generalized sinusoidal error model, which fits both six-port and mixer-based radar systems, is used to study the effect of nonlinear mixing when one or more displacement movements with different amplitudes are to be detected.

Alexander Koelpin

Papers

Demonstrator of a scanning receiver subsystem for cognitive Professional Wireless Microphone Systems

Fast in-situ diode detector characterization for Six-Port interferometer receivers

Electromagnetic analysis of fringed microstrip lines on porosified LTCC

Underwater interferometric radar sensor for distance and vibration measurement

On the Impact of System Nonlinearities in Continuous-Wave Radar Systems for Vital Parameter Sensing