Alexandra A. Siegel

TL;DR: The authors provide an overview of the current state of the literature on the relationship between social media; political polarization; and political "disinformation", a term used to encompass a wide range of types of information about politics found online.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically examined the consequences of imprisoning well-known Saudis for online dissent by analyzing over 300 million tweets as well as detailed Google search data from 2010 to 2017 using automated text analysis and crowd-sourced human evaluation of content.

TL;DR: This article used an experiment across the Arab Twittersphere and a nationally representative survey experiment in Lebanon to evaluate what types of counter-speech interventions are most effective in reducing sectarian hate speech online and explore whether and to what extent messages priming common national identity or common religious identity, with and without elite endorsements, decrease the use of hostile anti-outgroup language.

TL;DR: The authors examines the state of the literature, including scientific research, legal scholarship, and policy reports, on online hate speech and offers quantitative insights into what interventions might be most effective in combating harmful rhetoric online.

TL;DR: This paper studied the case of Mohamed Salah, a visibly Muslim, elite soccer player and found that after Salah joined Liverpool F.C., hate crimes in the Liverpool area dropped by 16% compared with a synthetic control.