Showing papers by "Alexei O. Orlov published in 2022"
TL;DR: In this paper , a simple straightforward method to design and optimize a pi matching network for readouts of devices with large impedance is presented. But the measurement system must be calibrated and error correction of the measurement apparatus must be performed in order to remove errors caused by unavoidable non-idealities of measurement system.
Abstract: Sensitive dispersive readouts of single-electron devices ("gate reflectometry") rely on one-port radio-frequency (RF) reflectometry to read out the state of the sensor. A standard practice in reflectometry measurements is to design an impedance transformer to match the impedance of the load to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line and thus obtain the best sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. This is particularly important for measuring large impedances, typical for dispersive readouts of single-electron devices because even a small mismatch will cause a strong signal degradation. When performing RF measurements, a calibration and error correction of the measurement apparatus must be performed in order to remove errors caused by unavoidable non-idealities of the measurement system. Lack of calibration makes optimizing a matching network difficult and ambiguous, and it also prevents a direct quantitative comparison between measurements taken of different devices or on different systems. We propose and demonstrate a simple straightforward method to design and optimize a pi matching network for readouts of devices with large impedance, [Formula: see text]. It is based on a single low temperature calibrated measurement of an unadjusted network composed of a single L-section followed by a simple calculation to determine a value of the "balancing" capacitor needed to achieve matching conditions for a pi network. We demonstrate that the proposed calibration/error correction technique can be directly applied at low temperature using inexpensive calibration standards. Using proper modeling of the matching networks adjusted for low temperature operation the measurement system can be easily optimized to achieve the best conditions for energy transfer and targeted bandwidth, and can be used for quantitative measurements of the device impedance. In this work we use gate reflectometry to readout the signal generated by arrays of parallel-connected Al-AlOx single-electron boxes. Such arrays can be used as a fast nanoscale voltage sensor for scanning probe applications. We perform measurements of sensitivity and bandwidth for various settings of the matching network connected to arrays and obtain strong agreement with the simulations.
2 citations
15 Oct 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , a 16-bit adiabatic reversible microprocessor implemented in the fully depleted silicon-on-insulator 90 nm technology from Skywater has been presented.
Abstract: We present the design and simulation of a 16-bit adiabatic reversible microprocessor implemented in the fully depleted silicon-on-insulator 90 nm technology from Skywater. Adiabatic reversible computing can dramatically reduce the dissipation of circuits by using reversible logic and quasi-adiabatic switching. Reversible logic ensures that information is preserved in a computation. While quasi-adiabatic switching operates circuits slowly relative to their internal RC time constants. Adiabatic CMOS is an immediate implementation of adiabatic reversible computing that uses CMOS circuits with ramping clocks instead of DC power supplies. The adiabatic microprocessor has a 16-bit data-path and implements ten instructions that are enough for universal computation using a MIPS architecture. The processor requires twelve adiabatic ramping clocks to drive the CMOS logic and operates at a maximum frequency of 0.5 GHz. Sequential elements are necessarily non-reversible, but in this design partial energy recovery is performed in the sequential elements using dedicated ramping clocks. A novel energy recovery pad driver is implemented to reduce dissipation when driving external capacitive loads typical in a computing system. The microprocessor was designed using the FDSOI radiation-hardened 90 nm technology from Skywater and verified with high-level simulations.
07 Mar 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors presented TECNAs with log-spiral antennas that are capable of distinguishing left and right-handed circular polarization (LHCP/RHCP) in the long-wave-infrared.
Abstract: Polarization information regarding solar radiation is not readily available in the mid- to far-infrared regimes. Conventional thermal IR detectors capture intensity with a loss of specific spectral and polarization information. Thermoelectrically coupled nanoantennas (TECNAs) capture infrared radiation by using an antenna that provides the capability for spectral, polarization, and angle-of-incidence selectivity. The nanoantenna resonantly absorbs the incident IR radiation and heats the hot junction of a nanothermocouple, which provides an output voltage that is proportional to the intensity. This is accomplished with minimal thermal mass, and provides μs response times. Here we present TECNAs with log-spiral antennas that are capable of distinguishing left- and right-handed circular polarization (LHCP/RHCP) in the long-waveinfrared. The log-spiral TECNAs are suspended above quasi-hemispherical cavities etched into a Si substrate. The cavity thermally isolates the nanoantenna from the substrate and focuses the incident radiation onto it. Simulations show electromagnetic (EM) fields and resulting thermal distributions along the antennas for different polarizations. When the handedness of the EM polarization matches that of the antenna, the EM field is concentrated at the center of the antenna, while for opposite polarization it is concentrated toward the antenna leads. As a result, the temperature increase at the center of the nanoantenna for the two polarization directions is different. This provides an extinction ratio VRHCP/VLHCP ~ 4.
30 May 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present TECNAs located above a cavity etched into a substrate to determine angle of incidence of laser beams, where the position of the antennas relative to the cavity center provides beam steering capability.
Abstract: Thermoelectrically coupled nanoantennas (TECNAs) are fast thermal sensors for the mid- to far-IR regime. TECNAs resonantly absorb EM radiation using a nanoantenna and nanothermocouple, and can be made directionally sensitive using a reflecting cavity. We present TECNAs located above a cavity etched into a substrate to determine angle of incidence of laser beams. The position of the antennas relative to the cavity center provides beam steering capability. We show in simulations that radiation and receiving characteristics of TECNAs are strongly dependent on position above the cavity. Positioning multiple antennas above a cavity provides angle-of-incidence resolution capability in the thermal infrared.
DOI•
11 Jun 2022
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present the measurement of NEMS motional capacitance devices with radio frequency (RF) reflectometry using a micromanipulator probe, which includes an on-board matching network tuned to match the impedance of the NEMS devices under test.
Abstract: Adiabatic reversible computing can dramatically reduce heat generation by switching circuits slowly, relative to their RC time constants, and using reversible logic. Nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) are a promising approach to implement reversible computing as they don't have leakage current and can be used as pull-up and pull-down networks to generate digital gates. We present the measurement of NEMS motional capacitance devices with radio frequency (RF) reflectometry using a micromanipulator probe. The probe includes an on-board matching network that can be tuned to match the impedance of the NEMS devices under test. The NEMS are operated with a DC gate voltage and the reflectometry measurements verify their functionality paving the way for adiabatic reversible computing.