The Veronica genus, with more than 200 species, belongs to the Plantaginaceae family and is distributed over most of the Northern Hemisphere and in many parts of Southern Hemisphere. These plants are traditionally used in medicine for wound healing, in the treatment of rheumatism, and in different human diseases. This paper reviews the chemical composition of some valuable Veronica species, the possibilities Veronica extracts have in food preservation and as food ingredients, and their functional properties. Veronica species represent a valuable source of biological active secondary metabolites, including iridoid glycosides and phenolic compounds. In particular, due to presence of these phytochemicals, Veronica species exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antimicrobial and antioxidant. In fact, some studies suggest that some Veronica extracts can inhibit foodborne pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, but only a few of them were performed in food systems. Moreover, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and other bioactivities were reported in vitro and in vivo. The bioactivity of Veronica plants was demonstrated, but further studies in food systems and in humans are required.

Veronica plants—drifting from farm to traditional healing, food application, and phytopharmacology

Fabrication of chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogel scaffolds containing PLGA microparticles loaded with dexamethasone for biomedical applications.

Introduction. Opuntia ficus indica L. inermis (OFI) is used in traditional medicine pharmacopeia for its richness in natural bioactive compounds. It has been proven to be effective in the improvement of the healing of laser-induced skin burns. The aim of the present study was to investigate the wound healing effect of OFI extracted oil on full-thickness skin wound. Materials and Methods. The OFI seeds were firstly isolated from mature prickly pears, washed, dried, and then cold-pressed. The antimicrobial activities of OFI seed oil were estimated in vitro against bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were calculated. Skin wound healing was investigated using an excisional wound healing model in rats. The skin wounds of three experimental groups of rats were topically treated once/day with saline solution (control group), 0.15 mg/mm2 of a reference drug Esth’Elle Pharma Cicaplaie cream (reference group), and 0.6 μl/mm2 of OFI seed oil (OFI oil group). The healing process was monitored daily and the percentage of wound contraction was calculated. A histological study was carried on skin biopsies. Results. The extracted oil has shown an interesting antimicrobial effect on Enterobacter cloacae, antiyeast effect against Candida parapsilosis and Candida sake, and antifungal activity against three opportunistic cutaneous molds (Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium). Moreover, OFI oil has shown a good wound healing effect. It prevents cutaneous infections and reduces the reepithelialization phase. Conclusion. OFI extracted oil has in vitro antimicrobial/fungal properties and in vivo wound healing activity. It seems to be efficient in the treatment of cutaneous infections and the promoting of the scarring process.

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The Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Potential of Opuntia ficus indica L. inermis Extracted Oil from Tunisia.

Biogenic amines are low molecular weight organic nitrogen compounds. They are formed by the decarboxylation of amino acids or by amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones during normal metabolic processes in living cells and therefore are ubiquitous in animals, plants, microorganisms, and humans. In food and beverages, they are formed by the enzymes of raw materials or are generated by microbial decarboxylation of amino acids. The structure of a biogenic amine can be aromatic and heterocyclic amines (histamine, tryptamine, tyramine, phenylethylamine, and serotonin); aliphatic di-, tri-, and polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, and agmatine); and aliphatic volatile amines (ethylamine, methylamine, isopentylamine, and ethanolamine). Many of them possess a strong pharmacologic effect, and others are important as precursors of hormones and components of coenzymes. The biogenic amine intoxication leads to toxicological risks and health hazards that trigger psychoactive, vasoactive, and hypertensive effects resulting from consumption of high amounts of biogenic amines in foods. The toxicological effects of biogenic amines increase when the monoand diaminoxidase enzymes are deficient or drugs that inhibit these enzymes (pain reliever, stress, and depression drugs) are used. In this chapter, biosynthesis of biogenic amines, their toxic effects as well as their physiological functions, and their effect on health will be described.

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Biochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Biogenic Amines

Presence of Biogenic Amines in Food and Their Public Health Implications: A Review.

In this study, the effects of steroid substances such as corticosterone, progesterone, estrone, beta-sitosterol, and stigmasterol on some bacteria were investigated. In the research, standard strains of the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (lab isolate) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and the gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pasteurella multocida (ATCC 12945), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) were used. A modified broth dilution method was applied for determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the steroids. Mueller Hinton broth (Becton Dickinson, 211443) was used to prepare dilutions and as a medium. At the end of the study, the MIC of corticosterone for P. multocida and the MIC of beta-sitosterol for S. aureus were both determined as 32 μg/mL. However, other steroids showed no effects on the bacteria. These steroids did not appear to have widespread antibacterial properties.

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An investigation of antibacterial effects of steroids

In this study, the protective effects of cysteamine, putrescine, and the combination of cysteamine and putrescine were investigated in mice with fibrosarcoma induced with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). A total of 135 adult male albino mice (Mus musculus), 2-3 months old and weighing 20 ± 2.0 g, were used in this study. All groups (each consisting of 15 mice) were fed ad libitum. The experimental groups were Group 1 (drinking water), Group 2 (0.2 mL sesame oil s.c.), Group 3 (1 mg 3-MC/0.2 mL sesame oil), Group 4 (0.1% cysteamine), Group 5 (0.1% putrescine), Group 6 (0.1% cysteamine + putrescine), Group 7 (1 mg 3-MC/0.2 sesame oil + 0.1% cysteamine), Group 8 (1 mg 3-MC/0.2 mL sesame oil + 0.1% putrescine), and Group 9 (1 mg 3-MC/0.2 mL sesame oil + 0.1% cysteamine + 0.1% putrescine). Experimental groups were given cysteamine and/or putrescine mixed with drinking water right after being injected with 3-MC subcutaneously. After 7 months, the mice were euthanized by means of cervical dislocation and were evaluated morphologically and histopathologically. The results showed that the number of tumors of 3-MC-induced fibrosarcoma were reduced from the highest to the lowest by cysteamine, cysteamine + putrescine, and putrescine, respectively.

https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/veterinary/issues/vet-16-40-5/vet-40-5-8-1510-49.pdf

The protective effects of cysteamine, putrescine, and the combination of cysteamineand putrescine on fibrosarcoma induced in mice with 3-methylcholanthrene

The effect of vitamin c on oxidant and antioxidant parameters in anthrax vaccine administered cattle

Insanlar tarafindan kullanilan bitkilerin mutajenik, genotoksik ve kanserojenik ozelliklere sahip olabilecegi ve cesitli yan etkileri olabilecegi bilinmektedir. Bu derlemede, yaygin sekilde baharat olarak kullanilan bazi bitki ekstraktlarinin memeliler uzerindeki muhtemel genotoksik-antigenotoksik etkilerine iliskin calismalarin gozden gecirilerek duzenlenmesi ve sonuclarin mevcut literature katki saglanmasi amaciyla ozetlenmesi amaclanmaktadir. Mevcut dogal bilgiler, Kafkas Universitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Biyoloji Bolumu Laboratuvarlarinda yapilan arastirmalar dogrultusunda gozden gecirilerek yeniden duzenlendi. Bircok calismada, bitki ozlerinin kisa sureli genotoksisite testleri ile gosterilen bazi genotoksik ve antigenotoksik etkilere sahip oldugu gosterilmistir. Cesitli test sistemleri kullanilarak yapilan calismalarla, bitki ozlerinin hem gen hem de kromozomal seviyelerde etkili oldugunu tespit edilmistir. Bu derleme icin derlenen arastirmalara gore, baharat olarak kullanilan cesitli bitkilerden elde edilen eterik yaglarin ve ekstraktlarin memelilerde hem genotoksik hem de antigenotoksik etkilere sahip oldugu bildirildi. Bu derlemede, bir takim bitki ekstraktlarinin cesitli toksik etkileri doz, sure ve uygulama yontemine gore belirlenmistir. Degerlendirilen calismalar temelinde farkli calismalarda elde edilen bulgular genel olarak birbiri ile ortusmektedir.

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Baharat Olarak Kullanılan Bazı Bitki Ekstraktlarının Memeliler Üzerindeki Genotoksik-Antigenotoksik Etkileri

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Ali Nazmi Can Doğan

Papers

An investigation of antibacterial effects of steroids

The protective effects of cysteamine, putrescine, and the combination of cysteamineand putrescine on fibrosarcoma induced in mice with 3-methylcholanthrene

The effect of vitamin c on oxidant and antioxidant parameters in anthrax vaccine administered cattle

Baharat Olarak Kullanılan Bazı Bitki Ekstraktlarının Memeliler Üzerindeki Genotoksik-Antigenotoksik Etkileri

Investigation of the effect of acrylamide on capoeta capoeta (guldensttead 1773) by histopathological, electrophoretic and biochemical methods