In this review of the psychology of entrepreneurship, we first present meta-analytic findings showing that personality dimensions, such as (general) self-efficacy and need for achievement, and entrepreneurial orientation are highly associated with entrepreneurship (business creation and business success). We then discuss constructs that were developed within entrepreneurship research, such as entrepreneurial alertness, business planning, financial capital as resources, and entrepreneurial orientation, and how they can be better understood by taking a psychological perspective. Next, we elaborate how traditional psychological constructs have been utilized in entrepreneurship and how this may enhance our knowledge in industrial and organizational psychology (with respect to, for example, knowledge, practical intelligence, cognitive biases, goals and visions, personal initiative, passion, and positive and negative affect). Finally, we provide an overall framework useful for the psychology of entrepreneurship...

https://aprender.ead.unb.br/pluginfile.php/65961/mod_folder/content/0/_The_Psychology_of_Entrepreneurship_20pgs.pdf?forcedownload=1

The psychology of entrepreneurship

In this article we provide an introduction to the papers in the special section of this edition of the European Journal of Development Research. We start by framing the challenges posed by female entrepreneurship to the research community, note some of the findings in the literature pertaining to the cross-national understanding of female entrepreneurship, and review the existing literature on the role and experience of female entrepreneurs in developing countries. Despite progress in understanding the motivations, constraints and issues that confront female entrepreneurs, there is still substantial scope for further research. We then discuss four papers that advance this research agenda.

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What Do We Know About The Patterns and Determinants of Female Entrepreneurship Across Countries

The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) is a project carried out by a research consortium dedicated to understanding the relationship between entrepreneurship and national economic development Since 1999 GEM reports have been a key source of comparable data across a large variety of countries on attitudes toward entrepreneurship, start-up and established business activities, and aspirations of entrepreneurs for their businesses The growing databases increasingly allow for in-depth academic research and this is mirrored by the rapidly increasing amount of GEM-based scientific publications in a wider range of academic journals At this point it is appropriate to provide an overview on these publications, to summarize their main contributions, and to provide some directions for obtaining promising GEM-based academic contributions in the future This publication provides a review of 89 GEM-based academic publications in SSCI-listed journals since 2004, with the objectives to highlight the particular advantages of GEM data, their quality and usability, as well as their limitations It also recommends a number of ways in which the GEM project might evolve further and make more impact on entrepreneurship research, on entrepreneurship policy and practice, and ultimately on getting more grip on the complex relation between entrepreneurship and economic development

https://www.nowpublishers.com/article/DownloadSummary/ENT-033

The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (Gem) and Its Impact on Entrepreneurship Research

A stylized fact of economic development is the structural transformation of countries from traditional, mainly agricultural societies to modern economies dominated by manufacturing and services. In this paper we provide an endogenous growth model to illuminate the role of entrepreneurial start-up firms in structural economic transformation. We follow the Lewis-model?s distinction between a traditional and modern sector, and underpin this with micro-foundations. We specify mature and start-up entrepreneurs and make a distinction between survivalist self-employment activities in the traditional sector, and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship in the modern sector. The model shows how opportunity-driven entrepreneurship can drive structural transformation through innovation, provision of intermediate inputs and services (which permits greater specialization in manufacturing), and by increasing employment and productivity in both the modern and traditional sectors.

Entrepreneurship and Structural Economic Transformation

Introduction 1. History of the field. 2. What is the evidence on female entrepreneurship? 3. Female entrepreneurship and the economy. 4. Determinants of entrepreneurial behavior I: Objectively measurable variables. 5. Determinants of entrepreneurial behavior II: Perceptions and subjective variables. 6. Determinants of entrepreneurial behavior III: The social environment. 7. Female entrepreneurship and the family. 8. The gender gap in self-employment earnings. 9. Female owned businesses. 10. Female entrepreneurship and financing. 11. Where do we go next? Appendix. References.

/pdf/gender-issues-in-entrepreneurship-2971vyre00.pdf

Gender Issues in Entrepreneurship

In this paper we use data from a developing country, South Africa, to empirically identify the determinants of start-up rates across different sub-national regions and in particular to investigate the role of access to finance on a regional (sub-national) level on start-ups. We find that the most important determinants of start-up rates across South Africa's magisterial districts are profit rates, educational levels, agglomeration as measured by the economic size of a district, and access to formal bank finance. Profits have by far the strongest effect on start-up rates. This, together with the insignificance of unemployment for start-ups, may imply that start-ups in South Africa are mainly opportunity-driven, as opposed to being necessity driven. It is also found that access to formal bank finance matter for regional start-up rates, which is not typical for a developing country and that market-size (agglomerations) is negatively associated with start-up rates in South Africa–an unexpected finding which m...

Aloe Meintjies

Papers

Regional determinants of entrepreneurial start-ups in a developing country