Clinical and genetic aspects of neurofibromatosis 1.

The COVID‐19 pandemic and the measures required to address it are cutting a swathe through people's lives and the global economy. People with addictive disorders are particularly badly affected as a result of poverty, physical and mental health vulnerabilities and disruption of access to services. The pandemic may well increase the extent and severity of some addictive disorders. Current research is suffering from the termination of face‐to‐face data collection and other restrictions. There is an urgent need to coordinate efforts nationally and internationally to mitigate these problems and to find innovative ways of continuing to provide clinical and public health services to help people with addictive disorders.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/add.15080

Mitigating and learning from the impact of COVID-19 infection on addictive disorders.

The diagnostic evaluation and multidisciplinary management of neurofibromatosis 1 and neurofibromatosis 2

1019 dverse drug reactions are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for an estimated 5% of all hospitalizations and 0.3% of hospital deaths [1]. Recognition of drug-induced lung disease is difficult because the clinical, radiologic, and histologic findings are nonspecific [1, 2]. The diagnosis is based on a history of drug exposure, histologic evidence of lung damage, and exclusion of other causes of lung injury. High-resolution CT is superior to radiography in the depiction of the presence and distribution of parenchymal abnormalities. In one study of 23 patients with drug-induced lung disease, abnormal findings were detected on high-resolution CT in all patients and on radiography in 17 patients (74%) [3]. Abnormalities most commonly overlooked on radiography included groundglass opacities and mild fibrosis [3]. We illustrate the spectrum of abnormalities seen on high-resolution CT in patients with drug-induced lung disease.

https://www.ajronline.org/doi/pdfplus/10.2214/ajr.175.4.1751019

Drug-Induced Lung Disease

The large spectrum of pulmonary complications following illicit drug use: Features and mechanisms

Cocaine is the illicit drug whose abuse most often results in cardiopulmonary symptoms and emergency treatment. Habitual smoking of alkaloidal cocaine ("freebase," "crack") has replaced nasal insufflation as the most common method of abuse. Smoking of cocaine exposes the lung directly to the volatilized drug as well as to the other combustion products of the smoked mixture, thereby increasing the risk of adverse pulmonary effects. A wide variety of pulmonary complications including interstitial pneumonitis, fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, alveolar hemorrhage, asthma exacerbation, barotrauma, thermal airway injury, hilar lymphadenopathies, and bullous emphysema may be associated with the inhalation of crack cocaine or of associated substances such as talc, silica, and lactose. Cocaine abuse represents one of the most serious medical and social problems of our time. Radiologists should be familiar with the various pleuropulmonary complications associated with the abuse of illicit drugs in general and of cocaine in particular to ensure correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning in patients with respiratory manifestations associated with such abuse.

https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/pdf/10.1148/rg.274065144

Pulmonary complications from cocaine and cocaine-based substances: imaging manifestations.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant congenital dysplasia of the neural crest cells that affects the development of tissue and structures arising from the 3 germinal layers. Affected patients may present with spinal deformities or with bone or soft tissue abnormalities. Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of these patients. In this article, a working diagnosis approach is proposed and the spectrum of spinal imaging findings in the NF1 patient is reviewed.

Neurofibromatosis type 1: spinal manifestations of a systemic disease.

Cocaine is the illicit drug whose abuse most often results in cardiopulmonary symptoms and emergency treatment. Habitual smoking of alkaloidal cocaine (“freebase,” “crack”) has replaced nasal insufflation as the most common method of abuse. Smoking of cocaine exposes the lung directly to the volatilized drug as well as to the other combustion products of the smoked mixture, thereby increasing the risk of adverse pulmonary effects. A wide variety of pulmonary complications including interstitial pneumonitis, fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, alveolar hemorrhage, asthma exacerbation, barotrauma, thermal airway injury, hilar lymphadenopathies, and bullous emphysema may be associated with the inhalation of crack cocaine or of associated substances such as talc, silica, and lactose. Cocaine abuse represents one of the most serious medical and social problems of our time. Radiologists should be familiar with the various pleuropulmonary complications associated with the abuse of illicit drugs in general and of cocaine in particular to ensure correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning in patients with respiratory manifestations associated with such abuse. © RSNA, 2007

Ami Hatta

Papers

Pulmonary complications from cocaine and cocaine-based substances: imaging manifestations.

Neurofibromatosis type 1: spinal manifestations of a systemic disease.

Pulmonary Complica- tions from Cocaine and Cocaine-based Substances: Imaging