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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Twenty-five years ago Allen, Beijersbergen, Spreeuw, and Woerdman published their seminal paper establishing that light beams with helical phase-fronts carried an orbital angular momentum. Previously orbital angular momentum had been associated only with high-order atomic/molecular transitions and hence considered to be a rare occurrence. The realization that every photon in a laser beam could carry an orbital angular momentum that was in excess of the angular momentum associated with photon spin has led both to new understandings of optical effects and various applications. These applications range from optical manipulation, imaging and quantum optics, to optical communications. This brief review will examine some of the research in the field to date and consider what future directions might hold.

Orbital angular momentum 25 years on [Invited]

A topical review of numerical and experimental studies of supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal fiber is presented over the full range of experimentally reported parameters, from the femtosecond to the continuous-wave regime. Results from numerical simulations are used to discuss the temporal and spectral characteristics of the supercontinuum, and to interpret the physics of the underlying spectral broadening processes. Particular attention is given to the case of supercontinuum generation seeded by femtosecond pulses in the anomalous group velocity dispersion regime of photonic crystal fiber, where the processes of soliton fission, stimulated Raman scattering, and dispersive wave generation are reviewed in detail. The corresponding intensity and phase stability properties of the supercontinuum spectra generated under different conditions are also discussed.

Supercontinuum generation, photonic crystal fiber

Vector beams, and in particular vector vortex beams, have found many applications in recent times, both as classical fields and as quantum states. While much attention has focused on the creation and detection of scalar optical fields, it is only recently that vector beams have found their place in the modern laboratory. In this review, we outline the fundamental concepts of vector beams, summarise the various approaches to control them in the laboratory, and give a concise overview of the many applications they have spurned.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2040-8986/aaeb7d/pdf

A review of complex vector light fields and their applications

Underwater wireless communications can be carried out through acoustic, radio frequency (RF), and optical waves. Compared to its bandwidth limited acoustic and RF counterparts, underwater optical wireless communications (UOWCs) can support higher data rates at low latency levels. However, the severe aquatic channel conditions (e.g., absorption, scattering, turbulence, etc.) pose great challenges for UOWCs and significantly reduce the attainable communication ranges, which necessitates efficient networking and localization solutions. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive survey on the challenges, advances, and prospects of underwater optical wireless networks (UOWNs) from a layer by layer perspective which includes: (1) Physical layer issues including propagation characteristics, channel modeling, and modulation techniques (2) Data link layer problems covering link configurations, link budgets, performance metrics, and multiple access schemes; (3) Network layer topics containing relaying techniques and potential routing algorithms; (4) Transport layer subjects such as connectivity, reliability, flow and congestion control; (5) Application layer goals, and (6) Localization and its impacts on UOWN layers. Finally, we outline the open research challenges and point out the prospective directions for underwater optical wireless communications, networking, and localization studies.

/pdf/underwater-optical-wireless-communications-networking-and-4b2y1mfv1m.pdf

Underwater Optical Wireless Communications, Networking, and Localization: A Survey

Multimode supercontinuum generation in As2S3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber

Optics and photonics research in Africa has gradually grown in the past ten years with a very active optical community involved in state-of-the-art research. Despite relatively low resources, optics research in the continent is competitive with many international benchmarks and has had a significant impact within the African continent. In the past five years, a group of dynamic students have developed the student chapter network from Tunisia to South Africa. The first student chapters of the optical society of America (OSA) and the international society for optics and photonics (SPIE) were established in South Africa (in the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and in the University of Stellenbosch), followed by a chapter in Tunisia (Engineering school of communications of Tunis, Sup'Com). In this paper, we will present the major activities of the student chapters of Tunisia and South Africa, and how they are promoting optics and photonics in Africa.

https://www.osapublishing.org/viewmedia.cfm?uri=ETOP-2013-EWP36&seq=0

Expansion of student activities in Africa: from south to north

A highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on a fiber in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensor based on single-mode–tapered thin-core–single-mode fiber is proposed. We developed a theoretical model using wide-angle beam propagation method in cylindrical coordinates to simulate light propagation performance of such fiber devices. Tapered structures using different taper geometries (linear, exponential, and parabolic taper) with waist diameters as low as 30  μm are presented. The proposed sensor has an ultrahigh sensitivity of 996.4 nm/refractive index unit in glycerin solution with different concentrations in water using the linear taper geometry. The designed structure presents the merits of high sensitivity, which is 6 times higher than that of the thin-core fiber modal interferometer and makes it an excellent candidate for biochemical sensing applications.

Ultrahigh sensitivity with different taper geometries of thin-core fiber modal interferometer for refractive index sensing

We numerically demonstrate the supercontinuum (SC) generation in a novel chalcogenide As 2 S 5 nanowire embeddedcore into Tellurite photonic crystal fiber (PCF). This hybrid As 2 S 5 -tellurite small core PCF has a pitch of 0.7 μm and air hole diameter of 0.2 μm. It exhibits a zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) of 3.25 μm with an overall highly engineered group velocity dispersion (GVD) shifted to the mid-IR wavelengths region. By injecting 100 fs hyperbolic-secant input pulses delivered by available tunable optical parametric oscillator (OPO) system at the pump wavelength of 3.389 μm, we obtain a broadband coherent mid-IR SC generated in only 1 mm-long PCF with a peak power of 8.8 kW. An ultralarge mid-IR bandwidth extending from 1000 to 7200 nm is generated with more than 60% of the total power which is available beyond 3 μm. The proposed hybrid PCF structure shows to be very promising for designing new compact, stable and powerful SC fiber laser sources in the long mid-IR wavelength region.

A novel As2S5-tellurite hybrid photonic crystal fiber for long mid-IR supercontinuum fiber lasers

We experimentally demonstrate an information encoding protocol using the two degrees of freedom of Laguerre Gaussian modes having different radial and azimuthal components. A novel method, based on digital holography, for information encoding and decoding using different data transmission scenarios is presented. The effects of the atmospheric turbulence introduced in free space communication is discussed as well.

/pdf/encoding-information-using-laguerre-gaussian-modes-11ap3wiqe7.pdf

Amine Ben Salem

Papers

Multimode supercontinuum generation in As2S3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber

Expansion of student activities in Africa: from south to north

Ultrahigh sensitivity with different taper geometries of thin-core fiber modal interferometer for refractive index sensing

A novel As2S5-tellurite hybrid photonic crystal fiber for long mid-IR supercontinuum fiber lasers

Encoding information using Laguerre Gaussian modes