Statistical Methods for Health Care Research

Coronary artery disease

Background:Values are the basis of nursing practice, especially in making decisions about complicated ethical issues. Despite their key role in nursing, little information exists on the factors affecting their development and manifestation in nursing students.Objective:This study identifies and describes the facilitators and inhibitors of the development and manifestation of professional values based on the experiences of nursing students and instructors and nurses.Research design:Data were collected through 29 semi-structured interviews and two focus group interviews in 2013–2015 and were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method of Elo and Kyngas.Participants and research context:In total, 18 nursing undergraduates, five nursing instructors, and five nurses from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and one of the teaching hospitals in Shiraz were selected through purposive sampling.Ethical considerations:The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sci...

Facilitators and inhibitors in developing professional values in nursing students

Medical errors are considered as a major threat to patient safety. To clarify medical errors’ status in Iran, a review was conducted to estimate the accurate prevalence of medical errors. A comprehensive search was conducted in international databases (MEDLINE, Scopus and the Web of Science), national databases (SID, Magiran, and Barakat) and Google Scholar search engine. The search was performed without time limitation up to January 2017 using the MeSH terms of Medical “error(s)” and “Iran” in Endnote X5. Article in English and Persian which estimated the prevalence of medical errors in Iran were eligible to be included in this review. The JBI appraisal instrument was used to assess the quality of included studies, by two independent reviewers. The prevalence of medical errors was calculating using random effect model. Stata software was used for data analysis. In 40 included studies, the most frequent occupational group observed were nursing staff and nursing students (21 studies; 52% of studies). The most reported type of error was medication error (25 studies; 62% of studies, with prevalence ranged from 10 to 80%). University or teaching hospitals (30 studies; 75% of studies) as well as, internal/intensive care wards (10 studies; 25% of studies) were the most frequent hospitals and wards detected. Based on the result of the random effect model, the overall estimated prevalence of medical errors was 50% (95% confidence interval: 0.426, 0.574). Result of the comprehensive literature review of the current studies, found a wide variation in the prevalence of medical errors based on the occupational group, type of error, and health care setting. In this regards, providing enough education to nurses, improvement of patient safety culture and quality of services and attention to special wards, especially in teaching hospitals are suggested.

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Prevalence of medical errors in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: To assess nurses' burnout and its association with their perceived quality of patient care and occurrence of adverse events (AEs) during COVID-19. BACKGROUND: Burnout is a serious problem among nursing staff internationally with negative impacts on the quality of care and patient safety. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional online study among 1,004 Iranian nurses through the convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, five items of questions related to self-reported poor patient care quality and estimated occurrence of AEs. RESULTS: Prevalence of high burnout among nurses was 31.5%. The risk of AEs ranged from 26.1% to 71.7%. Self-reported quality of patient care was found to be poor. A positive correlation was found between emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores and patient care quality, whereas a negative correlation was found between personal accomplishment scores and all poor care item scores. Depersonalization was found to increase the risk of the onset of all AEs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06-1.08). Also, Personal accomplishmentreduced the risk of occurrence of 'medication errors' (OR = 0.99) and the onset of 'patient and their family verbal abuse' (OR = 0.97). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirmed the hypothesis that a higher degree of burnout is correlated with a perceived higher number of AEs and reduced perceived patient care quality. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Reducing burnout among nurses through implementing interventions may be an effective strategy to enhance patient care quality and reduce the number of AEs in Iranian public hospitals. Therefore, in order to minimize work burnout, primary approaches include access to psychosocial support, including Web-based services, psychological first aid, mental support hotlines and self-care techniques during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Burnout and its relationship to self-reported quality of patient care and adverse events during COVID-19: A cross-sectional online survey among nurses.

Comparing two teaching methods based on concept map and lecture on the level of learning in basic life support.

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Comparison of Three Instructional Methods for Drug Calculation Skill in Nursing Critical Care Courses: Lecturing, Problem Solving, and Computer-Assisted Self-Learning

Background: Despite advances in postoperative pain control, it is still a big challenge with high-prevalence for practitioners. Inadequate control of postoperative acute pain is common which can lead to serious complications for patient. Objectives: This study aimed to compare massage therapy and music therapy in the control of postoperative pain and amount of received opioid drug after abdominal surgery. Methods: In this randomized 3-group trial, 102 patients in the surgical wards of 3 military hospitals, Ahvaz, Iran, were randomly allocated to music group, massage group, and usual-care group. Participants in the massage and music groups received 10-minutes sessions of slow-stroke back massage and without lyrics music, respectively, 1, 6, and 12 hours after surgery. The pain intensity was measured by numeric rating scale 10 minutes after each intervention session. Also, the mean of received opioid drug during 12 hours was measured in each group. Results: The results indicated a decreasing trend of pain intensity in all the groups. However, the trend of pain intensity had a significantly more decrease in the massage group compared to the both music group (P = 0.001) and usual-care group (P = 0.001). Pain intensity at the baseline had no significant difference between the massage group and the music group (Mean ± SD: 7.13 ± 1.2 vs. 6.97 ± 1.3, P = 0.6); whereas, pain intensity 12 hours after surgery had a significant difference between the massage group and the music group (Mean ± SD: 2.26 ± 1.03 vs. 3.30 ± 1.5, P = 0.002). Also, the mean of received opioid drug was significantly lower in the massage group than both the music and the usual-care groups (P = 0.013 and P = 0.001, respectively). Also, the mean of received opioid drug was significantly lower in the music group than the usual-care group (P = 0.047). Conclusions: Massage therapy was more effective than music therapy in controlling postoperative acute pain after abdominal surgery. Hence, the use of non-drug methods (especially massage therapy) as safe, inexpensive, effective, and available methods are very helpful for controlling postoperative acute pain.

The Comparison of the Effect of Two Complementary Medicine Methods (Music Therapy and Massage Therapy) On Postoperative Acute Pain After Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Introduction: Life styles and health-promotion behaviours has been linked to quantity and quality of care. Nurses have a crucial role in promoting public and general health. This study aimed to determine the health-promoting behaviours in employed nurses in selected military hospitals. Materials & Methods: This study is a descriptive study. We used randomised cluster sampling method in order to select 400 nurses in CCU, ICU, surgery room, and emergency and surgical units in selected military hospitals. The Persian language version of “International Questionnaire of HealthPromoting Behaviours” (HPLP-II) questionnaire was used in this study. Data was analyzed by SPSS/22 software. Findings: The highest percentage of chronic disease (19.5%) was in musculoskeletal disorders, included backache and leg pain. Average score of health-promoting behaviours was 133.79±18.55. The highest mean score was obtained in spiritual growth (32.36±6.29) and the least average score was for physical activity (13.84±4.53). Conclusions: The healthpromoting behaviours level of the participants were observed at an acceptable level, however they had low level of physical activities. With regard to findings, applying health education programs with an emphasis on physical activity among the nurses could improve their health condition.

Health-promoting behaviours in employed nurses in selected military hospitals

Background Medication errors (MEs) are the most common types of medical errors which effecting on pediatric safety. For decrease MEs, we should to have information about difference aspects of MEs. We have no study which assessed the frequency, types and causes of MEs made by pediatric nurses, in Iran. Material and Methods This was a cross-sectional study, which performed on 53 Pediatric Nurses. Data were collected by a self-structured questionnaire for assessment of MEs contained 3 parts: 1- one question about the fact that, do you had MEs in past 3 months; 2- types of MEs occurred (12 items); 3- causes of MEs from nurses’ perspective (20 items). The MEs in past 3 months gathered through pediatric nurses’ selfreport. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used for analysis. Data were analyzed using the SPSS. Results The majority of participants were female (77.3%), and initial (novice) nurses (33.9%). The results showed that, 31 (58.4%) of nurses were reported at least one MEs history and totally, 131 MEs were occurred in past 3 months. Most prevalent of MEs types were reported: wrong dose (36.6%) and wrong drug preparation (14.5%). Also, most prevalent of MEs causes from Nurses’ perspective were reported: poor medication knowledge (96.2%) and poor calculation skills (73.5%). Conclusion With using of this study results, we can program for prevention/decrease MEs and enhancing pediatric safety. On the basis of this study, actually we should enhancing level of nurses knowledge by education and to carry out special courses for pediatric nurses.

https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_6593_c530ee6f801bcc3906cdf086ff44c9e8.pdf

Amir Hosein Pishgooie

Papers

Comparing two teaching methods based on concept map and lecture on the level of learning in basic life support.

Comparison of Three Instructional Methods for Drug Calculation Skill in Nursing Critical Care Courses: Lecturing, Problem Solving, and Computer-Assisted Self-Learning

The Comparison of the Effect of Two Complementary Medicine Methods (Music Therapy and Massage Therapy) On Postoperative Acute Pain After Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Health-promoting behaviours in employed nurses in selected military hospitals

Pediatric Nurses' Medication Error: the Self-reporting of Frequency, Types and Causes