Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

The rise of harmful cyanobacteria blooms: The potential roles of eutrophication and climate change

A review of definitions and measures of system resilience

Dense surface blooms of toxic cyanobacteria in eutrophic lakes may lead to mass mortalities of fish and birds, and provide a serious health threat for cattle, pets, and humans. It has been argued that global warming may increase the incidence of harmful algal blooms. Here, we report on a lake experiment where intermittent artificial mixing failed to control blooms of the harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis during the summer of 2003, one of the hottest summers ever recorded in Europe. To understand this failure, we develop a coupled biological-physical model investigating how competition for light between buoyant cyanobacteria, diatoms and green algae in eutrophic lakes is affected by the meteorological conditions of this extreme summer heatwave. The model consists of a phytoplankton competition model coupled to a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model, driven by meteorological data. The model predicts that high temperatures favour cyanobacteria directly, through increased growth rates. Moreover, high temperatures also increase the stability of the water column, thereby reducing vertical turbulent mixing, which shifts the competitive balance in favour of buoyant cyanobacteria. Through these direct and indirect temperature effects, in combination with reduced wind speed and reduced cloudiness, summer heatwaves boost the development of harmful cyanobacterial blooms. These findings warn that climate change is likely to yield an increased threat of harmful cyanobacteria in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems.

/pdf/summer-heatwaves-promote-blooms-of-harmful-cyanobacteria-4a7gf8ngzr.pdf

Summer heatwaves promote blooms of harmful cyanobacteria

ECOLOGY/EVOLUTION: Phenotypic Plasticity

1. The impact of whole-lake lime (slaked lime, Ca(OH)2, and/or calcite, CaCO3) addition on plankton communities was evaluated in eutrophic hardwater lakes on the North American Boreal Plain.



2. Two lakes received a single treatment of lime (Ca(OH)2 at 74 or 107 mg L–1), two lakes received multiple treatments with Ca(OH)2 and/or CaCO3 (5–78 mg L–1), and four lakes were untreated and served as reference systems.



3. Over the long-term (> 1 year), phytoplankton biomass was reduced in multiple-dose lakes, but not in single-dose lakes. Cyanobacteria typically dominated the algal community in the years before, during and after lime treatment in both single- and multiple-dose lakes.



4. In the single-dose lakes, randomized intervention analysis showed no significant change in the biomass of zooplankton after lime addition.

Response of plankton communities to whole‐lake Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 additions in eutrophic hardwater lakes

Sterols indicate water quality and wastewater treatment efficiency

Flow cytometry for rapid characterisation of microbial community dynamics in waste stabilisation ponds.

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms in urban lakes present serious health hazards to humans and animals and require effective management strategies. Managing such blooms requires a sufficient understanding of the control- ling environmental factors. A range of them has been pro- posed in the literature as potential triggers for cyanobacte- rial biomass development and cyanotoxin (e.g. microcystin) production in freshwater systems. However, the environmen- tal triggers of cyanobacteria and microcystin variability re- main a subject of debate due to contrasting findings. This issue has raised the question of whether the relevance of en- vironmental triggers may depend on site-specific combina- tions of environmental factors. In this study, we investigated the site-specificity of environmental triggers for cyanobac- terial bloom and microcystin dynamics in three urban lakes in Western Australia. Our study suggests that cyanobacterial biomass, cyanobacterial dominance and cyanobacterial mi- crocystin content variability were significantly correlated to phosphorus and iron concentrations. However, the correla- tions were different between lakes, thus suggesting a site- specific effect of these environmental factors. The discrepan- cies in the correlations could be explained by differences in local nutrient concentration. For instance, we found no corre- lation between cyanobacterial fraction and total phosphorous (TP) in the lake with the highest TP concentration, while cor- relations were significant and negative in the other two lakes. In addition, our study indicates that the difference of the cor- relation between total iron (TFe) and the cyanobacterial frac- tion between lakes might have been a consequence of differ- ences in the cyanobacterial community structure, specifically the presence or absence of nitrogen-fixing species. In conclu- sion, our study suggests that identification of significant envi- ronmental factors under site-specific conditions is an impor- tant strategy to enhance successful outcomes in cyanobacte- rial bloom control measures.

/pdf/local-nutrient-regimes-determine-site-specific-environmental-331rgw9iqy.pdf

Local nutrient regimes determine site-specific environmental triggers of cyanobacterial and microcystin variability in urban lakes

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/wat2.1383

Anas Ghadouani

Papers

Response of plankton communities to whole‐lake Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 additions in eutrophic hardwater lakes

Sterols indicate water quality and wastewater treatment efficiency

Flow cytometry for rapid characterisation of microbial community dynamics in waste stabilisation ponds.

Local nutrient regimes determine site-specific environmental triggers of cyanobacterial and microcystin variability in urban lakes

The small, the big, and the beautiful: Emerging challenges and opportunities for waste stabilization ponds in Australia