Evolution of Protein Molecules

1. Introductory remarks 2. Convolvulacaea 2. Scrophulariaceae, Gesneriaceae, Labiatae, etc. 4. Cruciferae, Papaveraceae, Resedaceae, etc. 5. Geraniaceae, Leguminosae, Onagraceae, etc. 6. Solanaceae, Primulaceae, Polygoneae, etc. 7. Summary of the heights and weights of the crossed and self-fertilised plants 8. Difference between crossed and self-fertilised plants in constitutional vigour and in other respects 9. The effects of cross-fertilisation and self-fertilisation on the production of seeds 10. Means of fertilisation 11. The habits of insects in relation to the fertilisation of flowers 12. General results Index.

The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom: CONVOLVULACEÆ

An Atlas of Past and Present Pollen Maps for Europe: 0-13000 Years Ago, and The Overlay Maps.

Due to the variation of botanical origin honey differs in appearance, sensory perception and composition. The main nutritional and health relevant components are carbohydrates, mainly fructose and glucose but also about 25 different oligosaccharides. Although honey is a high carbohydrate food, its glycemic index varies within a wide range from 32 to 85, depending on the botanical source. It contains small amounts of proteins, enzymes, amino acids, minerals, trace elements, vitamins, aroma compounds and polyphenols. The review covers the composition, the nutritional contribution of its components, its physiological and nutritional effects. It shows that honey has a variety of positive nutritional and health effects, if consumed at higher doses of 50 to 80 g per intake.

Honey for Nutrition and Health: A Review

Supervised pattern recognition in food analysis.

The mineral content and color characteristics of 77 honey samples were analyzed. Eighteen minerals were quantified for each honey. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to establish equations relating the colorimetric CIELAB coordinates to the mineral data. The results obtained shown that lightness (L*) was significantly correlated with S, Ca, Fe, As, Pb, and Cd for the dark honey types (avocado, heather, chestnut, and honeydew). For the light and brown honey types (citrus, rosemary, lavender, eucalyptus, and thyme), Cab* and b* showed the lower correlation with the mineral content of the honeys; their regression functions involve a few independent variables (Mg and Al for b* and only Al for Cab*). Furthermore, by means of application of linear discriminant analysis to the mineral content, it was possible to obtain a model that classifies the honeys by their lightness. The prediction ability of the built model, determined with the test set method, was 85%. Keywords: ICP−OES; minerals; honey; color; mu...

Multivariate Correlation between Color and Mineral Composition of Honeys and by Their Botanical Origin

Characterisation of Spanish thyme honeys by their physicochemical characteristics and mineral contents

Characterisation of Moroccan unifloral honeys by their physicochemical characteristics

Physicochemical properties of 39 samples of Moroccan honeys were analysed; 30 parameters were measured, including water content, pH, acidity (free and lactonic), HMF, diastase activity, electrical conductivity, mineral and sugar content, and colour. In addition, the characterisation of the five unifloral honeys (Eucalyptus sp., Citrus sp., Lythrum sp., Umbelliferae and honeydew) by cluster (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA) and multiLayer perceptrons (MLP) were carried out. The PCA showed that the cumulative variance was approximately 44% for the first 2 PCs. About 97% of the samples were correctly classified by using the SDA and MLP, the best results being obtained for the eucalyptus, citrus, Umbelliferae and honeydew honeys (100% correct).

Characterisation of Moroccan unifloral honeys using multivariate analysis

:Inthisstudythemineralcontent,ashcontentandelectrical conductivityof98honeysamplesfrom Northwest Morocco were studied. Using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectro-metry (ICP-AES), six minerals were identiﬁed and quantiﬁed: K, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn. Potassiumwasthepredominantmineral(accountingfor80%ofthetotalmineralsquantiﬁed),followedbyMgandFe (9 and 3% respectively). The ash content values were lower than 0.6% in 95 of the samples. Thehigher electrical conductivity values corresponded to the honeydew honeys (x=1734 m Scm 1 ). Inaddition, characterisation of the main uniﬂoral honeys by principal component analysis (PCA), lineardiscriminantanalysis(LDA)andmultilayerperceptrons(MLP)wascarriedout.ThePCAshowedthatthecumulativevariancewasapproximately67%.Ontheotherhand,theLDAandMLPallowedperfectclassiﬁcation of the honeydew (100% correct classiﬁcation) and Eucalyptus (92%) honeys.# 2003 Society of Chemical Industry Keywords: Moroccan honeys; ICP-AES; mineral content; ash; electrical conductivity; statistical analysis

Mineral content and electrical conductivity of the honeys produced in Northwest Morocco and their contribution to the characterisation of unifloral honeys

Anass Terrab

Papers

Multivariate Correlation between Color and Mineral Composition of Honeys and by Their Botanical Origin

Characterisation of Spanish thyme honeys by their physicochemical characteristics and mineral contents

Characterisation of Moroccan unifloral honeys by their physicochemical characteristics

Characterisation of Moroccan unifloral honeys using multivariate analysis

Mineral content and electrical conductivity of the honeys produced in Northwest Morocco and their contribution to the characterisation of unifloral honeys