Book Review: Atlas of Histology of the Juvenile Rat:

The formation and development of the Lviv scientifi c team of lectinologists during 35 years (1972- 2017) is described. During this period were substantially optimized methods of lectin purifi cation, and about 20 new original lectin preparations were purifi ed and characterized. Remodeling of lectin-reactive glycopolymers in the process of embryonic and postnatal ontogenesis of different organs, as well as their transformation due to the development of various forms of experimental and clinical pathology have been investigated. Were revealed new possibilities of lectins application as selective histochemical markers of certain types of cells; heterogeneity of lectins binding to cellular subpopulations depending on their organ specifi city, degree of differentiation, secretory cycle cycle; use of lectins for the characterization of cellular glycosylation processes under physiological and pathological conditions, in particular, on the background of experimental hypo- and hyperthyroidism. The prospects of application in histochemistry of a number of new original lectin preparations were demonstrated. There were expanded existing viewers on the role of cell surface glycoconjugates in the intercellular interactions and in the process of apoptotic transformations; the role of glycans in ensuring the interaction of pathogens with host cells, in particular, of the adherent-invasive E.coli bacteria with cells of the epithelial series, as well as the immune cells (neutrophils, monocytes) of the host’s organism; the effect of neutrophils activation on the modifi cation of glycane components of adjusting molecules, with specifi c emphasis on the molecules of immunoglobulins involved in infl ammatory processes. On the basis of accomplished research were published 5 monographs, about 200 articles in the leading national and internationally renowned journals, as well as 7 author certifi cates and patents were received. 5 DSci and 14 PhD theses were conferred. Qualifi ed counseling and lectin preparations were provided for the implementation in about 30 PhD and DSci dissertations for researchers of Lviv Medical University, other Ukrainian and foreign universities. A bibliographic list of the most important publications of Lviv lectinologists is accomplished.

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Fundamental and applied lectinology: contribution of lviv scientists (1972-2017) dedicated to 75th birth anniversary of maxym d. lutsik – lviv lectinologists team founder

Influence of maternal hypothyroidism on the postnatal development of rat testes as detected by morphometric and lectin histochemistry analysis

Professor Antonina Yashchenko belongs to the group of outstanding morphologists, who developed and continue working productively for the popularization and implementation of the fundamental aspects, as well as spreading of applied lectinology methods in the morphologic research. As the result of her numerous studies in the field of lectin histochemistry were received new data on the applicability of a set of original lectin preparations purified and characterized in the «Lectinotest» from raw materials of the Carpathian region. Lectin-peroxidase and lectin-gold conjugates were applied in immunobiological research, light and electron microscopy, the methods of indirect identification of lectin receptors were worked out. Eventually these results were collected in a DSci dissertation of A. Yashchenko «Lectins as markers in normal and pathological conditions», conferred in 2004. This dissertation included a huge amount of authorized observations concerning wide possibilities of lectin histochemistry methods for studies of cell differentiation, identification of cellular subpopulations and diagnosis of pathological processes. Professor Yashchenko intensely studied the patterns of the rearrangement and redistrubution of lectin-reactive glycopolymers in the process of embryonic and postnatal morphogenesis, found out the possibilities of lectins’ application as selective histochemical markers of certain types of cells; studied the heterogeneity of lectins binding to cellular subpopulations depending on their tissue and organ specificity, as well as on the degree of their differentiation. Based on the results of the conducted research Prefessor Yashchenko published more than 250 papers in the professional journals, as well received 2 certificates of inventions. Published in 1999 «Atlas of Microanatomy of the Oral Cavity Organs» of her authorship got «The Yaroslav Mudryy award» of the Academy of Sciences of Higher School of Ukraine. Professor Antonina Yashchenko participated as a co-author in the National textbooks «Histology, cytology, and embryology» for Medical (2018) and Dentistry (2020) students. For these, as well as other morphology-related activities, in 2021 she was granted «A honorary award of the Ukrainian scientific society of anatomists, histologists, embryologists and topographo-anatomists»

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FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED LECTINOLOGY IN RESEARCH OF PROFESSOR ANTONINA YASHCHENKO (on the occasion of 75th birthday anniversary)

The population of Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica) declines each year since it is rarely found in nature. The present study aimed to obtain information about the distribution of carbohydrate residues contained in immature and mature of Sunda porcupine’s testes and to discuss its relevant functions. This study used six testes obtained from four immature and two mature Sunda porcupine originated from Ngawi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Testis tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and lectin histochemistry of Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA), Sophora japonica agglutinin (SJA), and Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). Data were analyzed with descriptive and semi-quantitative method. Lectin histochemical staining with LCA, PHA-L, SJA, PSA, and WGA indicated the presence of alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, mannose, and N-acetylglucosamine residues in the immature and mature testes with weak to very strong intensity. In the immature testes of Sunda porcupine, there was positive reactivity with PHA-L for Leydig and Sertoli cells, N-acetylgalactosamine may play an important role in the development and maturation of Leydig and Sertoli cells. Mature testes showed a strong positive reaction to the LCA, SJA, PSA, and WGA which indicated the significant roles of alpha-D-mannose and alpha-D-glucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, mannose, and N-acetylglucosamine residues on the maturation process of early spermatid to the late spermatid. These results can be used as basic data to be implemented in the conservation efforts of Sunda porcupine.

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Distribution Profile and Function of Carbohydrate Residues in Testes of Immature and Mature Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica).

A panel of 15 peroxidase labeled lectins, supplemented with haematoxylin-eosin staining and PAS-reaction, were used to study modifications of carbohydrates in rat testis during postnatal morphogenesis, including prenatal day 20th, postnatal days 1st, 20th, 40th, in comparison to the adult rat testis. Tissue samples were fixed in Bouin’s fluid and embedded in paraffin. Lectin panel included Con A, PSA, GNA, NPA, PNA, VAA, PIFA, CNFA, CCRA, SBA, HPA, MPFA, WGA, SNA and LABA. It was detected that postnatal morphogenesis of rat testis is accompanied by active glycoconjugates rearrangement. In late prenatal and early postnatal development most intense lectin labeling was characteristic for fetal Leydig cells, number of which reduced significantly on the 1st postnatal day. Highest selectivity of these cells binding was documented with PSA, GNA and NPA. On postnatal day 20th was detected strong reactivity of developing spermatocytes with PSA, CNFA, HPA and WGA, and to a lesser extent– with other used lectins. This lectin binding increased on the postnatal day 40th, covering all subsets of multilayered spermatogenic epithelium in within the seminiferous tubules. Since postnatal day 40th onwards granule- and capstage pro-acrosomes, early and late acrosomes demonstrated strong reactivity with PNA, VAA, SBA, HPA, CNFA and SNA; most selective acrosomes labeling was detected with PNA and SBA. Majority of used lectins strongly reacted with glycoconjugate deposits, located in the adlumenal compartments of seminiferous tubules. Three original lectin preparartions (LABA, MPFA, PIFA) proved to be useful tools in andrology research.

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/modification-of-rat-testis-carbohydrate-determinants-in-postnatalmorphogenesis-as-detected-by-lectin-probes-2157-7013-1000274.pdf

Anastasia Shegedin

Papers

Modification Of Rat Testis Carbohydrate Determinants In PostnatalMorphogenesis As Detected By Lectin Probes