Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

1. Introduction 20642. Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 20662.1. Classical Synthesis by Coprecipitation 20662.2. Reactions in Constrained Environments 20682.3. Hydrothermal and High-TemperatureReactions20692.4. Sol-Gel Reactions 20702.5. Polyol Methods 20712.6. Flow Injection Syntheses 20712.7. Electrochemical Methods 20712.8. Aerosol/Vapor Methods 20712.9. Sonolysis 20723. Stabilization of Magnetic Particles 20723.1. Monomeric Stabilizers 20723.1.1. Carboxylates 20733.1.2. Phosphates 20733.2. Inorganic Materials 20733.2.1. Silica 20733.2.2. Gold 20743.3. Polymer Stabilizers 20743.3.1. Dextran 20743.3.2. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 20753.3.3. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) 20753.3.4. Alginate 20753.3.5. Chitosan 20753.3.6. Other Polymers 20753.4. Other Strategies for Stabilization 20764. Methods of Vectorization of the Particles 20765. Structural and Physicochemical Characterization 20785.1. Size, Polydispersity, Shape, and SurfaceCharacterization20795.2. Structure of Ferro- or FerrimagneticNanoparticles20805.2.1. Ferro- and Ferrimagnetic Nanoparticles 20805.3. Use of Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents forMRI20825.3.1. High Anisotropy Model 20845.3.2. Small Crystal and Low Anisotropy EnergyLimit20855.3.3. Practical Interests of Magnetic NuclearRelaxation for the Characterization ofSuperparamagnetic Colloid20855.3.4. Relaxation of Agglomerated Systems 20856. Applications 20866.1. MRI: Cellular Labeling, Molecular Imaging(Inﬂammation, Apoptose, etc.)20866.2.

Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Stabilization, Vectorization, Physicochemical Characterizations, and Biological Applications

The physical principles underlying some current biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles are reviewed. Starting from well-known basic concepts, and drawing on examples from biology and biomedicine, the relevant physics of magnetic materials and their responses to applied magnetic fields are surveyed. The way these properties are controlled and used is illustrated with reference to (i) magnetic separation of labelled cells and other biological entities; (ii) therapeutic drug, gene and radionuclide delivery; (iii) radio frequency methods for the catabolism of tumours via hyperthermia; and (iv) contrast enhancement agents for magnetic resonance imaging applications. Future prospects are also discussed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/201/pdf

Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine

Magnetic Nanoparticles in MR Imaging and Drug Delivery

References http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/17/5/545.full.html#related-urls Article cited in: http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/17/5/545.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 228 articles, 79 of which can be accessed free at: service Email alerting click here top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the Collections Topic (33 articles) Molecular Physiology and Metabolism  (98 articles) Cancer and Disease Models  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections

/pdf/molecular-imaging-in-living-subjects-seeing-fundamental-58mg35grjk.pdf

Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light

High-efficiency intracellular magnetic labeling with novel superparamagnetic-Tat peptide conjugates.

Macrocyclic chelators with paramagnetic cations are internalized into mammalian cells via a HIV-tat derived membrane translocation peptide.

PURPOSE: To determine whether gene delivery by means of a synthetic no viral DNA delivery system that is capable of gene transfer can be mapped with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The DNA delivery system consisted of aminated (poly-L-lysine-conjugated) dextran chains anchored together with a central superparamagnetic core. Three different types of constructs were synthesized that differed in their amino content and, thus, DNA-loading capacity. The model plasmid consisted of complementary DNA encoding for humanized green fluorescent protein. Constructs were tested in cell culture and in vivo in a rat model. RESULTS: All three constructs were capable of transfecting human cells in culture with transfection efficiencies ranging from 0.3% to 4.1%, which is similar to that of diethylaminoethyl-dextran. MR imaging experiments showed that DNA constructs induced signal intensity changes that co-localized with phosphorus-33-labeled plasmid distribution at autoradiography. After injection o...

and Anna Moore

Papers

High-efficiency intracellular magnetic labeling with novel superparamagnetic-Tat peptide conjugates.

Macrocyclic chelators with paramagnetic cations are internalized into mammalian cells via a HIV-tat derived membrane translocation peptide.

MR imaging of gene delivery to the central nervous system with an artificial vector.

Optical imaging of breast tumors with protease-activatable fluorescent probes: A prognostic tool for breast cancer?