Showing papers by "Anders Broström published in 2012"
Imperial College London1, Copenhagen Business School2, University of Gothenburg3, Tilburg University4, Royal Institute of Technology5, Spanish National Research Council6, University of Bologna7, University of Turin8, University of Cambridge9, University of Kassel10, University of Strasbourg11, Bocconi University12, University of Bordeaux13, University of Bath14
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a systematic review of research on academic scientists' involvement in collaborative research, contract research, consulting and informal relationships for university-industry knowledge transfer, which they refer as academic engagement.
Abstract: A considerable body of work highlights the relevance of collaborative research, contract research, consulting and informal relationships for university-industry knowledge transfer. We present a systematic review of research on academic scientists’ involvement in these activities to which we refer as ‘academic engagement’. Apart from extracting findings that are generalisable across studies, we ask how academic engagement differs from commercialization, defined as intellectual property creation and academic entrepreneurship. We identify the individual, organizational and institutional antecedents and consequences of academic engagement, and then compare these findings with the antecedents and consequences of commercialization. Apart from being more widely practiced, academic engagement is distinct from commercialization in that it is closely aligned with traditional academic research activities, and pursued by academics to access resources supporting their research agendas. We conclude by identifying future research needs, opportunities for methodological improvement and policy interventions. (Published version available via open access)
1,589 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a typology of rationales for establishing cooperative relations between companies and universities, based on which rationales related to innovation, in terms of invented or improved products or processes, are the main drivers for interaction.
Abstract: R&D managers at 50 firms who have formal relations with two research universities in Stockholm are interviewed about their rationales for collaboration. Drawing on this material, a distinctive typology of rationales for establishing cooperative relations is presented. While the typology demonstrates a considerable breadth of interaction rationales, rationales related to innovation, in terms of invented or improved products or processes, are found to be the main drivers for interaction. Based on this framework, we analyse which rationales for interaction are consistent with public rationales for supporting university-industry relationships. Public co-funding that allow firms to influence (part of) the academic agenda is identified as a particularly interesting case that requires further theoretical attention.
55 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the private returns for academics that start new businesses and found that the income risk is more than three times higher in entrepreneurship compared to career in academia.
Abstract: We investigate the private returns for academics that start new businesses. Total earnings for the universe of 478 individuals working at Swedish universities who quit to become full-time entrepreneurs between 1999 and 2008 are compiled. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis to include capital gains. Entrepreneurship for academics appears a gradual process and quite episodic. Earnings are similar before and after becoming an entrepreneur and dividends and capital gains are inconsequential. But the income risk is more than three times higher in entrepreneurship.
10 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether it is beneficial for academic employees to become full-time entrepreneurs and found that the income risk is more than three times higher in entrepreneurship compared to other jobs.
Abstract: Various policies have been devised to stimulate the creation of spin-offs from universities by academics. But we still do not know whether it is privately beneficial for academics to start new businesses. To address this question we compile total earnings for the universe of 478 individuals aged 60 or less working at Swedish universities who quit to become full-time entrepreneurs between 1999 and 2008. Using tax filings we record all possible earnings including wages, business income, dividends and capital gains. There are very few full-time academic entrepreneurs. Earnings are similar before and after becoming an entrepreneur and dividends and capital gains are inconsequential. But the income risk is more than three times higher in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship for academics appears a gradual process and quite episodic. Little explains entrepreneurial earnings except prior wage and forming a sole proprietorship.
1 citations