Showing papers by "André Bensadoun published in 1964"

Energy utilization by sheep as influenced by the physical form, composition and level of intake of diet.

Abstract: The efficiency of utilization of the energy of 3 diets (chopped hay; pelleted, ground hay; pelleted mixture of 55% of ground hay and 45% of corn meal) was studied in metabolism and slaughter-chemical analysis experiments with 63 sheep. The hay used in the 3 diets was prepared from the same source. Each diet was fed at 3 levels during a 196-day period. Sheep of 2 ages were used; at the beginning of the feeding period, 18 were 8 months old and 27 were 20 months old. Nine animals of each age group were killed and analyzed to obtain reference body composition and energy measurements at the beginning of the feeding period. The gain in body energy represented the following percentages of the gross energy and metabolizable energy, respectively, ingested above the maintenance level: chopped hay, 15.1 and 31.0; pelleted, ground hay, 20.8 and 43.3; and pelleted corn-ground hay, 31.3 and 56.6. Although the degree of energy absorption was about the same for the 2 forms of hay, the heat increment for body gain and wool growth was 21.7% greater for the chopped hay than for the pelleted, finely ground hay. Sheep fed ad libitum ingested 28.4% more dry matter and 63.4% more of net energy for body gain as pelleted, ground hay than as chopped hay. The greater energy retention by sheep ingesting the pel leted, ground hay than by those fed chopped hay was 78.5% attributable to the greater intake of dry matter and 21.5% attributable to the greater nutritive effect per unit of feed ingested. No difference in the proportion of energy absorbed or in the net utilization of metabolizable energy was observed between the lambs and older wethers. The lambs were 65% more efficient converters of feed weight to body weight, but the energy concentration of the body gain was 56% greater in the older sheep. During the last 8 years much attention unpelleted form were fed at the same has been given to the influence of the levels of intake to sheep, EsplÃ-net al. (5) physical form of the diet upon the reand Meyer et al. (9) observed no differsponses of ruminants. This interest reenee in the rate of weight gain or in the suited from the observation that the rate gain per unit of feed ingested. On the of body weight gain by growing-fattening other hand, Wright et al. (15) reported ruminants fed ad libitum pelleted, mixed that the rate of gain and efficiency of feed diets or pelleted, finely ground hay diets use for body gain are higher in sheep fed is invariably greater than that of similar hay chopped through a 19.1-mm screen, animals ingesting unpelleted mixed diets reground through a 6.4-mm screen and of the same composition or the same hays pelleted than in sheep fed the same in chopped or long form, respectively ( 1amount of unpelleted hay chopped through 14). These investigations also demona 19.1-mm screen. strated that the ad libitum intake of pelleted diets is greater than that Of the Same Received for publication December 30, 1963. Hipt in iinnpllprpH fnrm ' This investigation was supported by a research QIC! in unpeiietea lOrm. grant (A.2889) from the National Institute of Arthritis Despite the results Of many feeding and Metabolic Diseases, U.S. Public Health Service. trialc if Viac nnt Vioon rocnlâ„¢=>H «/ViotrioT'The data presented here are a part of those pretnalS, It Has not been resolved wnetner sented in the Ph.D. Thesis by O. L. Paladines to the the increased rate Of body weight gain iS Graduate School, Cornell University, 1963. ._ -i .11 iixi, •fi 3 Recipient of Organization of American States attributable SOlely tO the greater intake Or scholarship (1960-62) and Rockefeller Foundation nnrrlv tn an inrrpapr fellowship (1962-63). Present address: Inter-Amerparuy io an increased nuinuve vaiue per ican Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Turriaiba, unit weight of pelleted diets. In experiCostaRica. ments in which diets in the pelleted and tu^mlLlu^sou^AÕtÃ-c^ C°Uege °fAgricul\" J. NUTRITION, 83: '64 49 at U iv of Iaho Lrary (L276) on D ecem er 2, 2008 jn.nition.org D ow nladed fom 50 O. L. PALADINES, J. T. REID, B. D. H. VAN NIEKERK AND A. BENSADOUN The purpose of the present experiment was to examine by means of the balancetrial and slaughter-chemical analysis meth ods the utilization of energy by sheep of 2 ages ingesting pelleted and unpelleted diets. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Animals. Sixty-three wethers were used in this experiment. These consisted of 36 western wethers of Rambouillet-Columbia origin about 20 months old (referred to as \"older\" animals) at the beginning of the experimental feeding period and 27 Suffolk-Shropshire-Hampshire cross-breds 8 months old (referred to as 'lambs\"). During the 4-month period prior to the experiment, a timothy-hay ration was fed at levels intended to improve the uniform ity of body composition. During the last 2 months preceding the experimental feed ing period, the ration was fed at about the maintenance level and consisted of long hay from the same source as that fed dur ing the experimental period. Just prior to the beginning of the experi mental feeding period, 9 animals selected at random from each age group were slaughtered and analyzed. Each of the remaining 27, 20-month and 18, 8-monthold sheep was allotted to one of the dietary treatments. Design and dietary treatments. The experiment was of the factorial design involving 2 ages of sheep X 3 kinds of diet X 3 levels of feed intake. Thus, 3 older wethers and 2 lambs constituted each of the diet groups (9 intake levels). The 3 diets were composed of: chopped hay; pelleted, finely ground (1.6-mm sieve) hay from the same harvest; and a pelleted mixture of 55% of the same finely ground hay and 45% of corn meal. The proximate chemical composition and gross energy (GE) values of the 3 diets are shown in table 1.