Cisplatin is a widely used and highly effective cancer chemotherapeutic agent. One of the limiting side effects of cisplatin use is nephrotoxicity. Research over the past 10 years has uncovered many of the cellular mechanisms which underlie cisplatin-induced renal cell death. It has also become apparent that inflammation provoked by injury to renal epithelial cells serves to amplify kidney injury and dysfunction in vivo. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of cisplatin nephrotoxicity and discusses how these advances might lead to more effective prevention.

Mechanisms of Cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

Hepatic Stem-like Phenotype and Interplay of Wnt/β-Catenin and Myc Signaling in Aggressive Childhood Liver Cancer

Predicting cisplatin ototoxicity in children: the influence of age and the cumulative dose.

Purpose EUROCARE collected data from population-based cancer registries in 20 European countries. We used this data to compare childhood cancer survival time trends in Europe. Patients and Methods Survival in 44,129 children diagnosed under the age of 15 years during 1983 to 1994 was analyzed. Sex- and age-adjusted 5-year survival trends for 10 common cancers and for all cancers combined were estimated for five regions (West Germany, the United Kingdom, Eastern Europe, Nordic countries, and West and South Europe) and Europe as a whole. Europe-wide trends for 14 rare cancers were estimated. Results For all cancers combined, 5-year survival increased from 65% for diagnoses in 1983 to 1985 to 75% in 1992 to 1994. Survival improved for all individual cancers except melanoma, osteosarcoma, and thyroid carcinoma; although for retinoblastoma, chondrosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma, improvements were not significant. The most marked improvements (50% to 66%) occurred in Eastern Europe. For common cancers, the greatest ...

Childhood Cancer Survival Trends in Europe: A EUROCARE Working Group Study

Over the last 15 years, various oncology groups throughout the world have used the PRETEXT system for staging malignant primary liver tumours of childhood. This paper, written by members of the radiology and surgery committees of the International Childhood Liver Tumor Strategy Group (SIOPEL), presents various clarifications and revisions to the original PRETEXT system.

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2005 PRETEXT: a revised staging system for primary malignant liver tumours of childhood developed by the SIOPEL group

Pretreatment prognostic factors for children with hepatoblastoma-- results from the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) study SIOPEL 1.

PURPOSE: Hepatoblastoma (HB) is a rare malignant liver tumor which occurs almost exclusively in childhood. In the 1970s, survival was approximately 20% to 30%. Since the introduction of cisplatin (PLA) and doxorubicin (DO) into the chemotherapy regimens used to treat these patients, the survival rate has improved dramatically. In most recent studies, primary surgery preceded chemotherapy. In this study by the liver group of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology the aim was to improve survival and reduce operative morbidity and mortality by using preoperative chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After biopsy and assessment of pretreatment extent of disease all patients were treated with continuous 24-hour intravenous infusion of PLA 80 mg/m2 followed by DO 60 mg/m2 over 48 hours (PLADO). After four courses of this chemotherapy, patients were reassessed. Where possible, the primary tumor was resected and treatment completed with two more courses of chemotherapy. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-four pati...

Cisplatin, doxorubicin, and delayed surgery for childhood hepatoblastoma : A successful approach: Results of the first prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology

Purpose Preoperative staging (pretreatment extent of disease [PRETEXT]) was developed for the first prospective liver tumor study by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOPEL-1 study; preoperative chemotherapy and delayed surgery). Study aims were to analyze the accuracy and interobserver agreement of PRETEXT and to compare the predictive impact of three currently used staging systems. Patients and Methods Hepatoblastoma (HB) patients younger than 16 years who underwent surgical resection (128 of 154 patients) were analyzed. The centrally reviewed preoperative staging was compared with postoperative pathology (accuracy) in 91 patients (81%), and the local center staging was compared with the central review (interobserver agreement) in 97 patients (86%), using the agreement beyond change method (weighted kappa). The predictive values of the three staging systems were compared in 110 patients (97%) using survival curves and Cox proportional hazard ratio estimates. Results Preoperative PRETEXT staging compared with pathology was correct in 51 %, overstaged in 37%, and understaged in 12% of patients (weighted kappa = 0.44; 95% Cl, 0.26 to 0.62). The weighted kappa value of the interobserver agreement was 0.76 (95% Cl, 0.64 to 0.88). The Children's Cancer Study Group/Pediatric Oncology Group-based staging system showed no predictive value for survival (P =.516), but the tumor-node-metastasis-based system and PRETEXT system showed good predictive values (P =.0021 and P =.0006, respectively). PRETEXT seemed to be superior in the statistical fit. Conclusion PRETEXT has moderate accuracy with a tendency to overstage patients, shows good interobserver agreement (reproducibility), shows superior predictive value for survival, offers the opportunity to monitor the effect of preoperative therapy, and can also be applied in patients who have not had operations. For comparability reasons, we recommend that all HB. patients included in trials also be staged according to PRETEXT.

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Predictive Value of the Pretreatment Extent of Disease System in Hepatoblastoma: Results From the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Liver Tumor Study Group SIOPEL-1 Study

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to determine if interventions in the form of on-site vaccination clinics, informative email/text messages and physician presentations were impactful in overcoming vaccination hesitancy in our college athlete population. Methods: Our goal was to assess vaccination rates following on-site vaccination clinics, informative email/text messages and physician presentations and compare vaccination rates to state and national data. Vaccinate Data was collected from all rostered players for the 2020-2021 season. It was further categorized into vaccinated vs unvaccinated, specific sport, gender and ethnicity. Results: Significant increase of new vaccinations seen in all sports/races/genders following intervention #2 (campus vaccine clinic), with football athletes most affected. New football vaccination rates were second highest following intervention #6 (ZOOM presentation by Infectious Disease) and #9 (email/ text outlining UL Policy on unvaccinated athlete testing requirements sent to all athletes). For all other sports, there was a spike in new vaccinations after intervention #9. Largest increase in new vaccinations after intervention #9 was seen in baseball, women's basketball, women's track and softball. Looking at new vaccination rates regarding gender, both men and women had significant increases after intervention #9. Additionally, men had a spike after intervention #6, though women did not. When looking at race, a significant increase in both Caucasian and BIPOC occurred following interventions #6 and #9. In comparison to CDC data, UL athletes exceeded state and national vaccination rates. Conclusions: A significant increase in vaccination rates occurred following the on-site vaccination clinic, infectious disease presentation and email/text outlining UL Policy on unvaccinated athlete testing requirements. The largest effect was seen with the vaccine clinic and final policy email. We noted increases in vaccinations across multiple sports, races and genders. Our study was stopped when the university vaccine mandate was issued after 8/23/21.

Angela Phillips

Papers

Pretreatment prognostic factors for children with hepatoblastoma-- results from the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) study SIOPEL 1.

Cisplatin, doxorubicin, and delayed surgery for childhood hepatoblastoma : A successful approach: Results of the first prospective study of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology

Predictive Value of the Pretreatment Extent of Disease System in Hepatoblastoma: Results From the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Liver Tumor Study Group SIOPEL-1 Study

2022 AMSSM Rising With Research Presentations.