Design and implementation of a smart metering infrastructure for low voltage microgrids

A gearbox and its accessories are a significant component of an electromechanical system and any damage to the gear is likely to be fatal. Data set from a faulty and healthy gearbox are obtained and the gear faults namely gear tooth damage, bearing damage in gearbox and lubrication drain are investigated by analyzing the motor's current and voltage signature. A comparison between the conventional vibrational analysis and motor electrical signature analysis (MESA) is carried out using two specific machine-learning algorithms-Decision Tree Algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. It is observed that MESA is more accurate than the Vibrational analysis and SVM is a better classifier compared to decision tree. Both single and multiple faults are examined and SVM stands out for multiple fault detection in gear box.

Fault Detection in Gearbox Using Motor Electrical Signature Analysis

Not only has information technology evolved rapidly, but the spatial cognition theory for blind and visually impaired (BVI) people has also made great strides, which has opened up a new opportunity for indoor travel assistance systems (ITASs). However, there are still some issues that have not been effectively addressed due to the lack of guidance of the spatial cognition theory. Thus, this article presents a comparative survey among ITASs proposed in the last four years in an effort to inform researchers and developers about system problems and challenges and inform BVI people about the various types and functions of the ITAS. This article will also make researchers and developers aware of the importance of the spatial cognition theory. Furthermore, we give predictions for future trends based on a detailed analysis of 17 ITASs. 

A Survey of 17 Indoor Travel Assistance Systems for Blind and Visually Impaired People

One of the many factors that affect our health and work efficiency is climate. Anyone who intends on traveling outdoor must be prepared to endure the weather, whether it&#x2019;s a dry hot condition or chilled coolness. Extremities of weather conditions can lead to serious health problems like Acute Mountain sickness, heatstroke. Wearing season clothes can protect us only to a certain degree as there is a limitation to which layers of clothing can be piled onto our bodies. The solution to cope with the extremities of weather is the smart thermal control outdoor Jacket, which automatically maintains the user&#x2019;s body temperature at an optimum temperature concerning the external temperature, it also monitors the user&#x2019;s heart rate and notifies the user through a mobile application. Thus, this system is user-friendly and an efficient quick fix is helping humans to deal with drastic weather changes. 

Smart Thermal Jacket with Wearable Sensors using IoT

Interactions of soil moisture with plant root systems are very important for plant growth. For non-invasive determination of volumetric soil moisture in a rhizobox, a microwave system based on transmittance of electromagnetic waves in the microwave frequency range was developed using microstrip patch antennas. Vector Network Analyzers (VNAs) were used to measure the S-parameters at frequency ranges close to 5 GHz. A transmission system with microstrip patch antennas was developed. The result of this attenuation is in the frequency domain. The antennae were designed as resonant microstrip antennae. The antennae were placed on both sides of a rhizobox, which allowed non-invasive measuring soil moisture in the box. The attenuation (S21(dB)) was used to measure the effect of temperature, and different types of soil; as well as sensitivity, reproducibility and repeatability of the system. In this work we present quantitative results of soil moisture in rhizobox. The microwave technique, using microstrip patch antennas, is a reliable and accurate system, and showed very promising potential applications for rhizobox-based investigations of root performance.

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Scattering Parameters Measurements with the Microwave Transmittance Technique Using a Microstrip Patch Antennas, as Non-Invasive Tool for Determination of Soil Moisture

With digital TV switchover and using cognitive radio technology, a spectrum of unoccupied TV channels, called TV white spaces (TVWS), can be used for different applications. Radio signals in these bands travel farther and penetrate obstacles more effectively than those in cellular and 2.4 GHz band owing to the lower frequency. With the growth in wireless services and higher data rate applications, the demand for spectrum is also increasing. Studies show that such licensed spectrum is underutilized. This chapter covers the study on TVWS, its architecture, and protocols, TVWS over low-power wide-area networks, along with its applications and future challenges and opportunities.

TV white spaces for low-power wide-area networks

Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) has become one of the prominent solutions for long-range and lower-power Internet of things and machine-to-machine applications. LPWANs enable communication with a large number of low-complex and low-cost remote nodes and objects with very low-power consumption, extending the lifetime of battery-operated nodes to months and years. It has a wide range of emerging applications in industry, smart cities, environment monitoring, agriculture, health care, and many other fields. There are several candidates for LPWAN technologies, and the selection of appropriate technology for a given application is a challenging task. This chapter presents the study of various LPWAN hardware and software platforms available in the market. It also describes various open-source tools available for simulations and research.

Hardware and software platforms for low-power wide-area networks

Technological advancements in the military sector have been phenomenal in the last vicennial. According to an article referred, the total annual global military expenditure rose to $ 1.917 trillion in 2019. The advent of wireless data communication and technologies like Artificial Intelligence and IoT, have transformed and augmented the lives of common civilians. The Air-force and the Naval-force have experienced major transformation in terms of technology. On the other hand, this kind of technology has not yet reached the Land-force department. The military vest as well as the helmet are amongst the most crucial pieces of safety equipment that have undergone no significant upgrade since the last semi-centennial. The main goal of this study is to build and implement a smart system consisting of a smart vest and a smart helmet using sensors, modules, and advanced wireless communication technology to improve the utility and functionality.

IoT based Smart Vest and Helmet for Defence Sector

Li-fi technology transferred information via LEDs. It’s a rapid and low worth remote correspondence framework, contrasted with Wi-Fi. It will provide huge protection, monstrous data measure, and low worth. This innovation was expected as a reaction to the constraints on RF information measurement. An indoor path is useful to everybody, and for the outwardly disabled it is particularly fundamental. It utilizes an unaccredited range which is not covered with RF commotion. In addition, almost many indoor areas have an enough amount of daylight sources and supply extra safety as Li-Fi is unable to pass through any objects. We tend to project for the visually weakened such a roadmap to guide them in indoor places. Led produce unmistakable light alongside area data and the information is obtained from the inserted structure or cell phone with the recipient. The installed device/mobile phone figures the best way to achieve an assignment and by a voice yield address a blind individual.

LiFi and Voice Based Indoor Navigation System for Visually Impaired People

Determining moisture content correctly in different materials or grains is the need of various industries today. Various techniques are suggested in the literature for sensing moisture contents of different materials. Horn antenna and microstrip antenna are the most commonly used antennas for finding moisture content, because of the noncontact type of measurement of moisture present in the sample. The microwave measuring technique offers a very exact and reliable measurement of the concentration of moisture. In the proposed system microstrip patch antenna at 900 MHz resonant frequency is designed and different materials like sodium carbonate, borax, potassium chloride, and lactose are tested for moisture content. For the fixed quantity of the sample, water content is gradually increased and return loss is measured. It is observed that with the increase in moisture content, return loss decreases.

Anjali R. Askhedkar

Papers

TV white spaces for low-power wide-area networks

Hardware and software platforms for low-power wide-area networks

IoT based Smart Vest and Helmet for Defence Sector

LiFi and Voice Based Indoor Navigation System for Visually Impaired People

Design of a Microstrip Patch Antenna as a Moisture Sensor