Factors affecting the level of burden of caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes

Single mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders are rarely studied, yet they may experience unique stressors. Researchers asked 122 single mothers to complete questionnaires concerning respite care, daily hassles/uplifts, depression, and caregiver burden. More than half (59.8%) accessed respite care, which was provided for 1 h per day, often by multiple sources (41%), such as grandparents and community agencies; most were satisfied with this care. Most mothers (77%) were at risk for clinical depression. While uplifts were negatively correlated with depression, hassles and caregiver burden were positively correlated with depression. Respite care was positively related to daily uplifts, and uplifts mediated the relationship between respite care and depression. Recommendations for researchers, policymakers, and school personnel are offered.

Respite Care for Single Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Aims The aim of this study was to compare families with a child (2-12 years) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to families which are not confronted with chronic illness, with regard to children's well-being, parental distress, and parenting behavior. In addition, differences were explored between families whose child has optimal vs suboptimal glycemic control. Methods Mothers, fathers, and children of 105 families with pediatric T1D completed questionnaires assessing child well-being, parental distress, and parenting. The control group consisted of 414 families without chronic illness. Results With regard to child well-being, children with T1D had more adjustment difficulties (as reported by mothers) and lower quality of life (QoL) (as reported by mothers and fathers), whereas children themselves (8-12 years) reported higher QoL compared to controls. In terms of parental distress, mothers, but not fathers, of children with T1D reported more stress, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms than controls. With regard to parenting behavior, parent reports revealed less protectiveness in fathers and less autonomy support and responsiveness in both parents as compared to controls. No differences were found in parent-reported psychological control between parents of children with and without T1D, but children with T1D perceived lowered parental psychological control. Lastly, secondary analyses indicated that especially families with suboptimal child glycemic control showed more maternal distress and worse child well-being (according to parents). Conclusions Families confronted with pediatric T1D differ from families without chronic illness: childhood T1D impacts parental perceptions of child well-being and differentially affects mothers' and fathers' distress levels and behaviors.

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Families with pediatric type 1 diabetes: A comparison with the general population on child well-being, parental distress, and parenting behavior.

Objective. The goal of this study was to examine how mothers and fathers contribute to each other’s autonomy supportive and controlling behaviors toward their child. Design. The participants were h...

https://corpus.ulaval.ca/jspui/bitstream/20.500.11794/34159/1/Mothers%20and%20Fathers%20Autonomy-Supportive%20and%20Controlling%20Behaviors%20-%20An%20Analysis%20of%20Interparental%20Contributions.pdf

Mothers’ and Fathers’ Autonomy-Supportive and Controlling Behaviors: An Analysis of Interparental Contributions

The purpose of this study is to examine differences in parenting styles between mothers of children with type 1 diabetes and mothers of healthy children and to explore relationships between parenting styles and glycemic control of children with diabetes. Mothers of 63 children with diabetes and mothers of 83 children without diabetes reported their parenting styles using the Blocks’ Child Rearing Practices Report, when their child was 9–10 years old. Glycemic control of the children with diabetes was evaluated 1 year after diagnosis (<6 years of age) and at the time of the study (at 9–10 years). Mothers of children with diabetes used more psychological control than mothers of healthy children. Among girls with diabetes, poorer early glycemic control was associated with mothers’ subsequent greater use of psychological control. Behavioral control was positively associated with poorer current glycemic control. In boys, psychological control was positively associated with poorer current glycemic control. Psychological control in families with diabetes needs attention, because it has shown to be associated with poorer diabetes care.

Maternal Parenting Styles and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes

The purpose of this research is to examine how metabolic control, parents' marital conflict, and parental caregiver burden are related to parents' use of psychological control in families raising a child with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Differences between mothers and fathers are also considered. In this cross-sectional study, parents of 85 children with T1D independently completed self-report questionnaires; metabolic control levels were obtained through patient medical records. Structural equation modeling showed that better metabolic control is related to lower levels of fathers' caregiver burden, and marital conflict is positively related to both mothers' and fathers' ratings of caregiver burden. Mothers' caregiver burden is positively related to their psychological control (a type of parental behavior that threatens children's autonomous thoughts and feelings) and, similarly, fathers' caregiver burden is positively related to their psychological control. Paths in the model differed by parent gender, but there were no crossover effects. Future research is needed to develop new, effective interventions for children with diabetes and their parents, focusing not only on the child but on multiple family systems.

Ann P Jubber

Papers

Individual and family predictors of psychological control in parents raising children with type 1 diabetes.