2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular riskThe Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)

https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/689390/2/main.pdf

2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk

The Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) 

Developed with the special contribution of the European Assocciation for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR) 

ABI
: ankle-brachial index

/pdf/2016-esc-eas-guidelines-for-the-management-of-dyslipidaemias-3oe2qnm09b.pdf

2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias

Cisplatin is a widely used and highly effective cancer chemotherapeutic agent. One of the limiting side effects of cisplatin use is nephrotoxicity. Research over the past 10 years has uncovered many of the cellular mechanisms which underlie cisplatin-induced renal cell death. It has also become apparent that inflammation provoked by injury to renal epithelial cells serves to amplify kidney injury and dysfunction in vivo. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of cisplatin nephrotoxicity and discusses how these advances might lead to more effective prevention.

Mechanisms of Cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a key role in innate immunity. These receptors recognize both pathogen-associated molecular patterns and molecules that are released from damaged tissue. TLRs mediate signal transduction pathways through the activation of transcription factors that regulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and are required for the development of adaptive immune responses. TLRs might have an important role in the pathogenesis of renal diseases: their exaggerated activation is associated with ischemic kidney damage, acute kidney injury, end-stage renal failure, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, acute renal transplant rejection and delayed allograft function. As the results of previous studies concerning the role of TLRs in renal diseases are conflicting, further work is needed to determine the exact role of these receptors and to evaluate strategies to prevent TLR-mediated local inflammation. This Review discusses the evidence supporting a role for TLRs in contrasting bacterial infections and in causing or aggravating renal conditions when TLR activation leads to a harmful inflammatory response.

The role of Toll-like receptors in renal diseases

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a serious health problem; the number of people with impaired renal function is rapidly rising, especially in industrialized countries. A major complication of CKD is cardiovascular disease. Accelerated atherosclerosis has been observed in early stages of renal dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the degree of renal insufficiency and both the prevalence and intensity of coronary artery disease (assessed on the basis of number of vessels with stenosis).

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11255-013-0407-1.pdf

The risk of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease

Metabolic syndrome and renal disease

Despite positive effects on the plasma lipid profile and vascular events, statin use is associated with various side effects.Among these, statins might cause a disruption of a number of regulatory pathways including insulin signaling. This may affect insulinsensitivity, pancreatic beta-cell function and adipokine secretion. The statin-associated risk of new-onset diabetes (NOD) appears to be adose-dependent class effect. It still remains unclear whether statin treatment is associated with increased risk of NOD in the generalpopulation or if there are groups of individuals at particular risk. However, according to the available data it seems that cardiovascular(CV) benefits in high-risk individuals strongly favor statin therapy since it outweighs other risks. Whether statins should be used for primaryprevention among patients with a relatively low baseline CV risk is still questionable, however the results of primary prevention trialshave shown reductions in mortality in this population. Thus, there is a need for randomized, placebo-controlled statin studies withcarefully selected groups of patients and NOD as a key end point in order to resolve queries concerning this issue.

Statin therapy and new-onset diabetes: molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance.

Epidemiological studies suggest that diets rich in polyphenols may be associated with reduced incidence of cardiovascular disorders (mainly coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction) However, the mechanisms explaining this correlation have not been fully elucidated Current evidence suggests that polyphenols, acting at the molecular level, improve endothelial function and inhibit platelet aggregation In view of their antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aggregative properties, these compounds may play a roles in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease

Anna Gluba

Papers

The role of Toll-like receptors in renal diseases

The risk of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease

Metabolic syndrome and renal disease

Statin therapy and new-onset diabetes: molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance.

The role of polyphenols in cardiovascular disease