This paper reviews the past, present, and future of the hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based biomaterials from the point of view of preparation of hard tissue replacement implants. Properties of the hard tissues are also described. The mechanical reliability of the pure HAp ceramics is low, therefore it cannot be used as artificial teeth or bones. For these reasons, various HAp-based composites have been fabricated, but only the HAp-coated titanium alloys have found wide application. Among the others, the microstructurally controlled HAp ceramics such as fibers/whiskers-reinforced HAp, fibrous HAp-reinforced polymers, or biomimetically fabricated HAp/collagen composites seem to be the most suitable ceramic materials for the future hard tissue replacement implants.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0884291400042527

Processing and properties of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials for use as hard tissue replacement implants

Calcium phosphate apatites with variable Ca/P atomic ratio I. Synthesis, characterisation and thermal stability of powders.

Sol-gel based materials for biomedical applications

Water-based sol–gel synthesis of hydroxyapatite: process development

Mechanochemical-hydrothermal synthesis of carbonated apatite powders at room temperature

Depending on the calcium:phosphorus molar ratio of the initial precipitates determined by precipitation conditions (calcium:phosphorus molar ratio of reactants and pH of reaction environment), after sintering at 1250°C, monophase, biphase, or triphase ceramics consisting of hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate, α-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium oxide were obtained. The phase composition and properties—i.e., density, shrinkage, hardness, bending strength, and roughness—of the fractured surfaces of the isostatically re-pressed sinters were determined.

Anna ŚAlósarczyk

Papers

Calcium Phosphate Materials Prepared from Precipitates with Various Calcium:Phosphorus Molar Ratios