Showing papers by "Anne E. Green published in 1994"

The changing geography of recession : analyses of local unemployment time series

Abstract: Unemployment in Great Britain rose again in the early 1990s. By contrast with previous experience, parts of southern England appeared to suffer earlier and more severely than some other parts of Britain. This reversal of traditional norms fuelled renewed interest in the impact of recession at the local and regional scale. Unemployment dynamics are examined over the period from June 1978 to December 1991 at the local labour market area scale. An analysis of turning points in local unemployment series confirms key differences in the timing of entry into the two recessions experienced during this period. Cluster analysis classification techniques are used to identify the shapes of typical local unemployment cycles and these typical unemployment cycles are shown to display distinctive spatial expressions.

The role of migration in labour-market adjustment: the British experience in the 1980s.

Abstract: In this paper the role of migration in bringing labour supply and demand into balance (or in mitigating imbalance) in Britain in the 1980s is investigated. The paper begins with a brief introduction to the theoretical perspectives on labour migration and the relevant data sources. The major trends in migration and unemployment at national and regional scales are outlined, and the key characteristics of job-related migrants are identified. In the main part of the paper the author is concerned with the operationalisation of two contrasting methodological approaches designed to promote a greater understanding of the influences acting on changing migration patterns and the role of migration, alongside other factors in labour-market changes. First, the results from a shift-share approach are discussed; and second, the output from an application of the labour-market accounts technique is described.

Implications of the changing spatial incidence of the long-term unemployed for the planning of programme provision and training

Abstract: The early 1990s witnessed a resurgence of mass unemployment, with altogether new patterns across regions, occupations and industries. This book considers the new unemployment and labour market conditions, and relates them to the issues and the options for public policy on unemployment and welfare. The book contains contributions from a wide variety of perspectives - economics, sociology, social history, and social policy analysis. Arising from a conference jointly sponsored by the Employment Service and the Policy Studies Institute, it includes the results of much new research and is an up-to-date source on the main current debates.

The changing geography of unemployment and non-employment in Britain

Abstract: This chapter provides an evaluative overview of selected key features of continuity and change in the geography of non-employment in Britain in the 1980s, using a range of indicators from various data sources at different spatial scales. The concepts of unemployment, inactivity and nonemployment are reviewed in the first section of the chapter, and the different statistical sources and geographical units referred to subsequently are outlined. In the second section the main emphasis is on outlining selected features of changing geographical patterns of non-employment, rather than attempting to 'explain' them in a comprehensive fashion. Amongst the changes reviewed are the convergence of regional unemployment rates in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and geographical variations in timing of entry into recession in 1979 and 1989/90. Substantial intra-regional variations in unemployment are highlighted, and the tendency for an increasing proportion of variation in local unemployment rates to be accounted for by intra-regional, rather than inter-regional, differences is reviewed. The disproportionate relative increase in unemployment in the country's large urban areas is identified as a major feature of change in the 1980s, with non-employment becoming increasingly extensive in many urban labour markets. A discussion of the concept of segregation follows in the third section of the chapter. A range of measures of different aspects of segregation are operationalised using data from the Census of Population, and the main features of geographical patterns of segregation of non-employed sub-groups are outlined. In particular, the increasing segregation of the non-employed in the largest cities is highlighted. The final section is concerned with synthesising the empirical evidence presented and highlighting the implications for policy.