Wireless charging is a technology of transmitting power through an air gap to electrical devices for the purpose of energy replenishment. The recent progress in wireless charging techniques and development of commercial products have provided a promising alternative way to address the energy bottleneck of conventionally portable battery-powered devices. However, the incorporation of wireless charging into the existing wireless communication systems also brings along a series of challenging issues with regard to implementation, scheduling, and power management. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of wireless charging techniques, the developments in technical standards, and their recent advances in network applications. In particular, with regard to network applications, we review the static charger scheduling strategies, mobile charger dispatch strategies and wireless charger deployment strategies. Additionally, we discuss open issues and challenges in implementing wireless charging technologies. Finally, we envision some practical future network applications of wireless charging.

Wireless Charging Technologies: Fundamentals, Standards, and Network Applications

We propose a compact planar ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with 3.4/5.5 GHz dual band-notched characteristics. The antenna consists of a beveled rectangular metal patch and a 50 Omega coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line. By etching two nested C-shaped slots in the patch, band-rejected filtering properties in the WiMAX/WLAN bands are achieved. The proposed antenna is successfully simulated, designed, and measured showing broadband matched impedance, stable radiation patterns and constant gain. An equivalent circuit model of the proposed antenna is presented to discuss the mechanism of the dual band-notched UWB antenna. A UWB antenna and a single band-notched one are also provided for references.

A Compact Ultrawideband Antenna With 3.4/5.5 GHz Dual Band-Notched Characteristics

This paper presents a novel broadband rectenna for ambient wireless energy harvesting over the frequency band from 1.8 to 2.5 GHz. First of all, the characteristics of the ambient radio-frequency energy are studied. The results are then used to aid the design of a new rectenna. A novel two-branch impedance matching circuit is introduced to enhance the performance and efficiency of the rectenna at a relatively low ambient input power level. A novel broadband dual-polarized cross-dipole antenna is proposed which has embedded harmonic rejection property and can reject the second and third harmonics to further improve the rectenna efficiency. The measured power sensitivity of this design is down to $- {\bf 35}\;{\bf dBm}$ and the conversion efficiency reaches 55% when the input power to the rectifier is $- {\bf 10}\;{\bf dBm}$ . It is demonstrated that the output power from the proposed rectenna is higher than the other published designs with a similar antenna size under the same ambient condition. The proposed broadband rectenna could be used to power many low-power electronic devices and sensors and found a range of potential applications.

A High-Efficiency Broadband Rectenna for Ambient Wireless Energy Harvesting

Reactive matching is extended to wide bandwidths using the impedance property of LC-ladder filters. In this paper, we present a systematic method to design wideband low-noise amplifiers. An SiGe amplifier with on-chip matching network spanning 3-10 GHz delivers 21-dB peak gain, 2.5-dB noise figure, and -1-dBm input IP3 at 5 GHz, with a 10-mA bias current.

A 3-10-Ghz low-noise amplifier with wideband LC-ladder matching network

With the development of wireless communication technology, the need for bandwidth is increasing continuously, and the growing need makes wireless spectrum resources more and more scarce. Cognitive radio (CR) has been identified as a promising solution for the spectrum scarcity, and its core idea is the dynamic spectrum access. It can dynamically utilize the idle spectrum without affecting the rights of primary users, so that multiple services or users can share a part of the spectrum, thus achieving the goal of avoiding the high cost of spectrum resetting and improving the utilization of spectrum resources. In order to meet the critical requirements of the fifth generation (5G) mobile network, especially the Wider-Coverage , Massive-Capacity , Massive-Connectivity , and Low-Latency four application scenarios, the spectrum range used in 5G will be further expanded into the full spectrum era, possibly from 1 GHz to 100 GHz. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive survey of CR technology and focus on the current significant research progress in the full spectrum sharing towards the four scenarios. In addition, the key enabling technologies that may be closely related to the study of 5G in the near future are presented in terms of full-duplex spectrum sensing, spectrum-database based spectrum sensing, auction based spectrum allocation, carrier aggregation based spectrum access. Subsequently, other issues that play a positive role for the development research and practical application of CR, such as common control channel, energy harvesting, non-orthogonal multiple access, and CR based aeronautical communication are discussed. The comprehensive overview provided by this survey is expected to help researchers develop CR technology in the field of 5G further.

Full Spectrum Sharing in Cognitive Radio Networks Toward 5G: A Survey

La presente invention concerne un ensemble pour la propagation d'ondes de frequences comprises entre 1 GHz et 10 THz. Selon l'invention, cet ensemble comprend : (a) un guide (11, 21) d'ondes pour guider lesdites ondes, ledit guide (11, 21) d'ondes etant realise dans une matiere plastique, une partie desdites ondes se propageant a l'interieur de ce guide (11, 21) d'ondes et une autre partie desdites ondes se propageant a l'exterieur de ce guide (11, 21) d'ondes, et (b) une enveloppe (12) protectrice qui entoure ledit guide (11, 21) d'ondes en delimitant un ou plusieurs espaces entre ledit guide (11, 21) d'ondes et ladite enveloppe, dans lequel ou lesquels lesdites ondes se propageant a l'exterieur dudit guide (11, 21) d'ondes sont contenues, ladite enveloppe (12) protectrice formant ainsi une barriere pour proteger ces dernieres des perturbations externes.

Ensemble pour la propagation d'ondes dans la gamme de fréquences comprises entre 1 GHz et 10 THz

A low-loss vertical transition between microstrip line and air-filled substrate integrated waveguide (AFSIW) at Ka-band is proposed. The objective is to be able to connect active components based on microstrip technology with passive components based on AFSIW technology. The coupling between the quasi-TEM mode of the microstrip line and the TE10 mode of the AFSIW guide is carried out by a slot and a copper line placed on one layer of the substrate. To obtain reliable measurements, a back-to-back transition has been designed and fabricated. The measured results obtained show that over a frequency range of 27.5 GHz to 29.8 GHz the proposed transition has a reflection coefficient of between −10 dB and −15 dB and insertion losses between 0.78 dB and 1.45 dB.

A Vertical Transition between Microstrip Line and Air-Filled SIW at Ka-band

– Les technologies de Guide d'onde Integre au Substrat creux (SIW creux ou AFSIW) et de Ligne Suspendue Integree au Substrat (SISL) ont ete recemment reportees. Ceux sont deux types de ligne de transmission avec un fort potentiel pour la conception de systeme integre haute performance millimetrique base sur les processus de fabrication faible cout des circuits imprimes multicouches (PCB). Pour prendre avantage des deux technologies ainsi que de leur structure respective, une transition large bande SISL vers AFSIW a ete concue. Afin de demontrer son potentiel, une transition a ete fabriquee et mesuree. Elle atteint une adaptation inferieure a-15 dB et des pertes d'insertion de 0,11 ± 0,06 dB sur toute la bande Ka.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01525534/document

Nouvelle transition d'une ligne suspendue intégrée au substrat vers du SIW creux pour une intégration multicouche en bande millimétrique

The upper layer (14) comprises at least an upper hole (30) passing through it; the lower layer (16) comprises at least one lower hole (46) passing through it An electrically conductive wire (22) is received through the upper hole (30), the propagation area (20) and the lower hole (46), the conductive wire (22) being electrically connected to the electrically conductive surface (26) of the upper layer (14) and the electrically conductive surface (44) of the lower layer (16)

Implementation of inductive posts in an siw structure and production of a generic filter

Anthony GHIOTTO* Tan-Phu VUONG* Smail TEDJINI* Ke WU** (*): LCIS Grenoble INP Laboratoire de Conceptio n et d’Intégration des Systèmes, 50, Rue B. de Laffemas, BP 54, 26902, Valence, Fran ce Tel: + 33 (0) 4 75 75 94 60; anthony.ghiotto@esisar .inpg.fr (**): Centre de Recherche Poly-Grames, École Polyte chnique de Montréal Lassonde / M-6106, 2500, Chemin Polytechnique, Mont réal, (Québec), Canada, H3T 1J4

Anthony Ghiotto

Papers

Ensemble pour la propagation d'ondes dans la gamme de fréquences comprises entre 1 GHz et 10 THz

A Vertical Transition between Microstrip Line and Air-Filled SIW at Ka-band

Nouvelle transition d'une ligne suspendue intégrée au substrat vers du SIW creux pour une intégration multicouche en bande millimétrique

Implementation of inductive posts in an siw structure and production of a generic filter

La Compatibilité Electromagnétique des Systèmes RFID UHF Passifs