Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Part I. Experimental Studies: 2. Experiment in psychology 3. Experiments on perceiving III Experiments on imaging 4-8. Experiments on remembering: (a) The method of description (b) The method of repeated reproduction (c) The method of picture writing (d) The method of serial reproduction (e) The method of serial reproduction picture material 9. Perceiving, recognizing, remembering 10. A theory of remembering 11. Images and their functions 12. Meaning Part II. Remembering as a Study in Social Psychology: 13. Social psychology 14. Social psychology and the matter of recall 15. Social psychology and the manner of recall 16. Conventionalism 17. The notion of a collective unconscious 18. The basis of social recall 19. A summary and some conclusions.

Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.

In 1974 an article appeared in Science magazine with the dry-sounding title “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases” by a pair of psychologists who were not well known outside their discipline of decision theory. In it Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman introduced the world to Prospect Theory, which mapped out how humans actually behave when faced with decisions about gains and losses, in contrast to how economists assumed that people behave. Prospect Theory turned Economics on its head by demonstrating through a series of ingenious experiments that people are much more concerned with losses than they are with gains, and that framing a choice from one perspective or the other will result in decisions that are exactly the opposite of each other, even if the outcomes are monetarily the same. Prospect Theory led cognitive psychology in a new direction that began to uncover other human biases in thinking that are probably not learned but are part of our brain’s wiring.

Thinking fast and slow.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/5/110/206.full.pdf

The american psychological association.

Traditional approaches to human information processing tend to deal with perception and action planning in isolation, so that an adequate account of the perception-action interface is still missing On the perceptual side, the dominant cognitive view largely underestimates, and thus fails to account for, the impact of action-related processes on both the processing of perceptual information and on perceptual learning On the action side, most approaches conceive of action planning as a mere continuation of stimulus processing, thus failing to account for the goal-directedness of even the simplest reaction in an experimental task We propose a new framework for a more adequate theoretical treatment of perception and action planning, in which perceptual contents and action plans are coded in a common representational medium by feature codes with distal reference Perceived events (perceptions) and to-be-produced events (actions) are equally represented by integrated, task-tuned networks of feature codes – cognitive structures we call event codes We give an overview of evidence from a wide variety of empirical domains, such as spatial stimulus-response compatibility, sensorimotor synchronization, and ideomotor action, showing that our main assumptions are well supported by the data

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0140525X01000103

The Theory of Event Coding (TEC): a framework for perception and action planning.

An integrated theory of sexual offending

About the Authors Series Editors Preface Acknowledgements PART I 1 Theory construction, development, and evaluation PART II LEVEL I THEORIES (MULTIFACTORIAL THEORIES) 2 Finkelhor's Precondition Theory 3 Marshall and Barbaree's Integrated Theory 4 Hall and Hirschman's Quadripartite Theory 5 Ward and Siegert's Pathways Model 6 Malamuth's Confluence Model of Sexual Aggression 7 Evolutionary Theory and Sexual Offending PART III LEVEL II THEORIES (SINGLE FACTOR THEORIES) 8 Theories of Cognitive Distortions 9 Theories of Deficient Victim Empathy 10 Theories of Deviant Sexual Preferences 11 Feminist Theories 12 Theories of Intimacy Deficits 13 Theories of Risk PART IV LEVEL III THEORIES (DESCRIPTIVE MODELS) 14 The Relapse Prevention and Self-Regulation Models 15 Offence, chains, offence cycles and offence process models PART V TREATMENT THEORIES 16 The Risk-Need Treatment Model 17 Classification and Treatment 18 Strength Based Treatment Theories 19 Theories of Treatment Responsivity PART VI 20 Conclusions Index

Theories of Sexual Offending

The integration of etiology and risk in sexual offenders: A theoretical framework

An experiment is described which investigated cognitive inhibition in schizophrenia. It is noted that both the abnormal and cognitive literatures use the concept of inhibition. Frith (1979) suggests that the more cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia may be due to the failure to limit the current contents of consciousness due to a failure adequately to inhibit the output of preconscious processes.



Current thinking in cognitive psychology suggests that in the process of selective attention there is active inhibition of distractor information. A technique used to investigate this is termed negative priming (Tipper, 1985). The general nature of this paradigm is as follows: if a distractor, which has been previously ignored, is subsequently re-presented, there is an increased reaction time associated with the response, due to inhibition of the information when it was originally a distractor.



It was found that inhibition of such distracting information was reduced in schizophrenics. This finding is seen as providing some support for Frith's (1979) theory that the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia are due to awareness of processes that normally occur preconsciously.

Evidence of reduced 'cognitive inhibition' in schizophrenia.

This study examined how well historical information and psychometric data predicted sexual recidivism in a sample of child abusers about to undergo group-based cognitive behavioral treatment in the community. Static, historical factors, as measured by the Static-99 (R. K. Hanson & D. Thornton, 2000), significantly predicted recidivism over the 6-year follow-up period. High-risk men were over 5 times more likely to be reconvicted for a sexual offence compared to low-risk men. Adding psychometric measures of dynamic risk (e.g., pro-offending attitudes, socio-affective problems) significantly increased the accuracy of risk prediction beyond the level achieved by the actuarial assessment of static factors. This result indicates the importance of considering dynamic risk factors in any comprehensive risk protocol.

Anthony R. Beech

Papers

An integrated theory of sexual offending

Theories of Sexual Offending

The integration of etiology and risk in sexual offenders: A theoretical framework

Evidence of reduced 'cognitive inhibition' in schizophrenia.

The relationship between static and dynamic risk factors and reconviction in a sample of U.K. child abusers.