We synthesize vertically oriented core–shell nanowires with substoichiometric MoO3 cores of ∼20–50 nm and conformal MoS2 shells of ∼2–5 nm. The core–shell architecture, produced by low-temperature sulfidization, is designed to utilize the best properties of each component material while mitigating their deficiencies. The substoichiometric MoO3 core provides a high aspect ratio foundation and enables facile charge transport, while the conformal MoS2 shell provides excellent catalytic activity and protection against corrosion in strong acids.

Core–shell MoO3–MoS2 Nanowires for Hydrogen Evolution: A Functional Design for Electrocatalytic Materials

The high volumetric capacity (53 g H2/L) and its low toxicity and flammability under ambient conditions make formic acid a promising hydrogen energy carrier. Particularly, in the past decade, significant advancements have been achieved in catalyst development for selective hydrogen generation from formic acid. This Perspective highlights the advantages of this approach with discussions focused on potential applications in the transportation sector together with analysis of technical requirements, limitations, and costs.

Formic Acid as a Hydrogen Energy Carrier

A review of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) system

Degradations of silicon photovoltaic modules: A literature review

http://oa.upm.es/10081/2/doi.10.1016.j.solener.2011.06.011.pdf

Early degradation of silicon PV modules and guaranty conditions

Experimental evaluation of CO poisoning on the performance of a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell

In 1990 the Schatz Energy Research Center (SERC) installed a PV array comprised of 192 ARCO M-75 modules. Prior to installation, Zoellick carefully measured module performance and reported average peak power at normal operating cell temperature (NOCT) to be 39.88 W, which was 14.1% lower than the 46.4 W nameplate rating. For the past 11 years the array has been exposed to and employed in a cool, marine environment. Of the original 192 modules, 191 were tested in order to re-evaluate their performance. This paper describes the equipment, conditions, and procedure used in retesting the modules, and reports module performance results. Notable results are that average module short circuit current and maximum power production at NOCT have decreased by 6.38% and 4.39%, respectively.

Comparison of PV Module Performance Before and After 11, 20, and 25.5 Years of Field Exposure

For the past 12 years, the Schatz Energy Research Center (SERC) has operated the Schatz Solar Hydrogen Project (SSHP). SSHP is a stand-alone renewable energy system that uses hydrogen as the energy storage medium and a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell as the regeneration technology [1,2]. Recently, a new 36-cell, 140 cm 2 PEM fuel cell was installed at SSHP. We report operating results, cell voltage decay rates, and general utility of the fuel cell in providing power in this integrated system.

Field Testing of a PEM Fuel Cell in an Integrated Power System

The high temperature proton exchange membranes (HT-PEM) attract growing interests due to its enhanced electrochemical kinetics, simplified pinch technology and utilization of higher CO-rich reformed hydrogen as the fuel. From the technological point of view, using pure hydrogen as fuel seems highly restrictive because hydrogen with high purity may not always be readily available. As an attractive alternative to compressed hydrogen, it is preferred to use hydrogen-rich gases as fuel. On-site generation of hydrogen using reformed fuels can be directly fed to the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) without first preheating the cell with external heat source to raise the temperature to its operating temperature. Since the HT-PEMFCs performance depends strongly on temperature, the cell temperature plays an important role in its operation. The purpose of this research is to experimentally study a high temperature PEM fuel cell at steady operating conditions. In this work, the performance of the fuel cell has been experimentally examined to unravel the steady-state effects of changes in temperature and pressure at a fixed hydrogen stoichiometry and variable air stiochiometries In particular, the effects that changes in temperature and pressure have on the voltage-current characteristics. Experimental data of this type is needed to develop and validate the fuel cell models, and to help understand and optimize the operation of these devices. In this study, a cell with an active cell area of 45 cm2 based on polybenzimidazole (PBI), doped with phosphoric acid is examined over the entire temperature range of 120°C–180°C with hydrogen of 99.999% purity. The quantitative results obtained from the experiments showed variations in current-voltage characteristics at different pressure and temperatures. The results will be used as a baseline value to under-study the performance of a high temperature PEM fuel cell in terms of current-voltage characteristics, when fueled with a reformate with higher CO concentrations in our future study.Copyright © 2008 by ASME

Antonio Reis

Papers

Experimental evaluation of CO poisoning on the performance of a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Comparison of PV Module Performance Before and After 11, 20, and 25.5 Years of Field Exposure

Field Testing of a PEM Fuel Cell in an Integrated Power System

Experimental Performance Evaluation of a High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell at Different Temperatures and Pressures