Object-oriented analysis

Energy crisis and environmental issues have encouraged the adoption of electric vehicle as an alternative transportation option to the conventional internal combustion engine vehicle. Recently, the development of smart grid concept in power grid has advanced the role of electric vehicles in the form of vehicle to grid technology. Vehicle to grid technology allows bidirectional energy exchange between electric vehicles and the power grid, which offers numerous services to the power grid, such as power grid regulation, spinning reserve, peak load shaving, load leveling and reactive power compensation. As the implementation of vehicle to grid technology is a complicated unit commitment problem with different conflicting objectives and constraints, optimization techniques are usually utilized. This paper reviews the framework, benefits and challenges of vehicle to grid technology. This paper also summarizes the main optimization techniques to achieve different vehicle to grid objectives while satisfying multiple constraints.

Integration of electric vehicles in smart grid: A review on vehicle to grid technologies and optimization techniques

Dynamic classification of sections of software using a profile-based optimization system optimizes management of the sections of software. Software executes under expected usage conditions. After execution, a set of usage profiles describes the dynamic properties of sections of the software. Each usage profile includes information identifying a section of software. Each usage profile maps to an outcome meant to optimize management of the sections of the software during later execution. During such later execution, a usage background describes the dynamic properties of a section of the software. The usage background includes information identifying the section of software. By matching the usage background to a usage profile in the set of usage profiles, the section is dynamically classified during later execution. Based on this dynamic classification, the section maps to the outcome meant to optimize management of the sections of software.

Dynamic classification of sections of software

Electric vehicles can become integral parts of a smart grid, since they are capable of providing valuable services to power systems other than just consuming power. On the transmission system level, electric vehicles are regarded as an important means of balancing the intermittent renewable energy resources such as wind power. This is because electric vehicles can be used to absorb the energy during the period of high electricity penetration and feed the electricity back into the grid when the demand is high or in situations of insufficient electricity generation. However, on the distribution system level, the extra loads created by the increasing number of electric vehicles may have adverse impacts on grid. These factors bring new challenges to the power system operators. To coordinate the interests and solve the conflicts, electric vehicle fleet operators are proposed both by academics and industries. This paper presents a review and classification of methods for smart charging (including power to vehicle and vehicle-to-grid) of electric vehicles for fleet operators. The study firstly presents service relationships between fleet operators and other four actors in smart grids; then, modeling of battery dynamics and driving patterns of electric vehicles, charging and communications standards are introduced; after that, three control strategies and their commonly used algorithms are described; finally, conclusion and recommendations are made.

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Electric vehicle fleet management in smart grids: A review of services, optimization and control aspects

The advent of multicore processors has renewed interest in the idea of incorporating transactions into the programming model used to write parallel programs. This approach, known as transactional memory, offers an alternative, and hopefully better, way to coordinate concurrent threads. The ACI (atomicity, consistency, isolation) properties of transactions provide a foundation to ensure that concurrent reads and writes of shared data do not produce inconsistent or incorrect results. At a higher level, a computation wrapped in a transaction executes atomically - either it completes successfully and commits its result in its entirety or it aborts. In addition, isolation ensures the transaction produces the same result as if no other transactions were executing concurrently. Although transactions are not a parallel programming panacea, they shift much of the burden of synchronizing and coordinating parallel computations from a programmer to a compiler, to a language runtime system, or to hardware. The challenge for the system implementers is to build an efficient transactional memory infrastructure. This book presents an overview of the state of the art in the design and implementation of transactional memory systems, as of early spring 2010. Table of Contents: Introduction / Basic Transactions / Building on Basic Transactions / Software Transactional Memory / Hardware-Supported Transactional Memory / Conclusions

Transactional Memory, 2nd Edition

Merge conflicts cause software defects which if detected late may require expensive resolution. This is especially true when developers work too long without integrating concurrent changes, which in practice is common as integration generally occurs at check-in. Awareness of others' activities was proposed to help developers detect conflicts earlier. However, it requires developers to detect conflicts by themselves and may overload them with notifications, thus making detection harder. This paper presents a novel solution that continuously merges uncommitted and committed changes to create a background system that is analyzed, compiled, and tested to precisely and accurately detect conflicts on behalf of developers, before check-in. An empirical study confirms that our solution avoids overloading developers and improves early detection of conflicts over existing approaches. Similarly to what happened with continuous compilation, this introduces the case for continuous merging inside the IDE.

Improving early detection of software merge conflicts

https://recipp.ipp.pt/bitstream/10400.22/3389/4/COM_JoaoSoares_2013_GECAD.pdf

Application-Specific Modified Particle Swarm Optimization for energy resource scheduling considering vehicle-to-grid

Business process modeling focus on describing how activities interact with other business objects while sustaining the organization's strategy. Business objects are object-oriented representations of organizational concepts, such as resources and actors, which collaborate with one another in order to achieve business goals. These objects exhibit different behavior according to each specific collaboration context. This means the perception of a business object depends on its collaborations with other objects. Business process modeling techniques do not clearly separate the multiple collaborative aspects of a business object from its internal aspects, making it difficult to understand objects which are used in different contexts, thus hindering reuse. To cope with such issues, this paper proposes using role modeling as a separation of concerns mechanism to increase the understandability and reusability of business process models. The approach divides a business process model into a business object model and a role model. The business object models deals with specifying the structure and intrinsic behavior of business objects while the role model specifies its collaborative aspects.

Using roles and business objects to model and understand business processes

In today’s changing environments, organizational design must take into account the fact that business processes are incomplete by nature and that they should be managed in such a way that they do not restrain human intervention. In this paper we propose the embedding of social software features, such as collaboration and wiki-like features, in the modeling and execution tools of business processes. These features will foster people empowerment in the bottom-up design and execution of business processes. We conclude this paper by identifying some research issues about the implementation of the tool and its methodological impact on Business Process Management.

/pdf/agilipo-embedding-social-software-features-into-business-3p15fsq9jk.pdf

AGILIPO: Embedding Social Software Features into Business Process Tools

This work proposes a multi-objective GA to efficiently manage a stock portfolio.Two objectives the return and the risk (variance of returns) are used to optimize the models.To select the best companies the algorithm uses fundamental financial ratios.To find the best entry point the algorithm uses technical indicators.The results found outperform the main indexes with lower volatility. This paper describes a new approach to portfolio management using stocks. The investment models tested incorporate a fundamental and technical approach using financial ratios and technical indicators. A Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA) with two objectives, the return and the risk, are used to optimize the models. Three different chromosomes are used for representing different investment models with real constraints equivalent to the ones faced by portfolio managers. To validate the present solution three case studies are presented for the S&P 500 for the period June 2010 until 2014. Simulations demonstrate that the stock selection based on financial ratios can be used to choose the best companies in operational terms, obtaining returns above the market average with low variances in their returns. The increase of fundamental indicators enhances the quality of the chromosomes found by the MOEA, and the results of real simulations become more precise. Some of the best chromosomes found by the algorithms invest in stocks with high return on equity (ROE), in conjunction with high rate of growth of the net income and a high profit margin. To obtain stocks with high valuation potential, it is necessary to choose companies with a lower or average market capitalization, low PER, high rates of revenue growth and high operating leverage.

António Rito Silva

Papers

Improving early detection of software merge conflicts

Application-Specific Modified Particle Swarm Optimization for energy resource scheduling considering vehicle-to-grid

Using roles and business objects to model and understand business processes

AGILIPO: Embedding Social Software Features into Business Process Tools

A hybrid approach to portfolio composition based on fundamental and technical indicators