A review on the two-phase pressure drop characteristics in helically coiled tubes

Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract possesses a broad range of pharmacological activities. The aim of current study was to explore the impact of The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) on the physical, spectroscopic, and thermal properties of ashwagandha root extract using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, TGA, and DSC analysis. Ashwagandha root extract was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the control, while the other part was defined as The Trivedi Effect® - Biofield Energy Treated sample, which received The Trivedi Effect® Treatment remotely from eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers. The PXRD analysis exhibited that both the control and The Trivedi Effect® - Biofield Energy Treated samples were amorphous in nature. The particle size values at d10 and d50 of the treated sample were decreased by 4.66% and 6.02% and at d90 slightly increased by 0.99% compared with the control sample. The average surface area of the treated (0.130 m2/g) sample was increased by 4.84% compared with the control (0.124 m2/g) sample. The FT-IR results suggested that the force constant of O-H (stretching), and C-O (stretching) functional groups of the treated sample were reduced compared with the control sample. The UV-vis analysis revealed that the wavelength for the maximum absorbance of the control and treated samples were at 205.4 nm and 205.6 nm, respectively. The TGA thermograms exhibited three steps of the degradation process, and the total weight loss of the treated (86.45%) sample was increased by 1.44% compared with the control (85.22%) sample. The DSC analysis revealed that melting point of the treated (201.67°C) sample was reduced by 0.87% compared with the control (203.43°C) sample. The latent heat of fusion of the treated (6.77 J/g) sample was significantly decreased by 21.82% compared to the control (8.67 J/g) sample. Hence, the treated sample would be more advantageous for the better therapeutic responses compared to the control sample. These findings suggest that The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might have the astounding capacity to enhance the solubility, dissolution, absorption, and bioavailability of ashwagandha root extract in various forms of pharmaceutical/nutraceutical formulations by modifying its particle size and surface area. Thus, The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treated ashwagandha root extract might provide better therapeutic response against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, stress, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, sexual disorders, aging and other chronic infections.

A Comprehensive Physical, Spectroscopic, and Thermal Characterization of Withania Somnifera (Ashwagandha) Root Extract Treated with the Energy of Consciousness (The Trivedi Effect®)

Acne and Its Treatment.

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A Comprehensive Physical, Spectroscopic, and Thermal Characterization of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) Root Extract Treated with the Energy of Consciousness (The Trivedi Effect ® )

In this work, the thermodynamic performance of a domestic refrigerator was experimentally studied by simultaneously varying the refrigerant charge (mr) and the capillary tube length (L). The potential of replacing R12 by R600a was also investigated. The test rig for the experiment was a vapor compression refrigerator designed to work with R12. The enthalpy of the refrigerants R600a and R12 for each data set for the experimental conditions were obtained by using REFPROP software (version 9.0). The results show that the design temperature of -120C (according to ISO - 8187 standard) and pull – down time of 135 minutes are achieved by using 60g of R600a with L= 1.2m and 1.5m. For R12, the design temperature is achieved at pull – down time of 165 minutes with mr = 40g and L = 0.9m. The appropriate combination of L and mr for R600a to be used as a drop-in refrigerant for R12 is found to be 1.5m and 60g on the basis of power consumption per day, pull-down time and COP, whereas by considering the cooling capacity, it is 0.9 m and 60g. The cooling capacity of R600a was about 9.18% higher than that of R12, the power consumed by R600a was about 24 % lower than that of R12 and the COP of R600a was about 6.3% higher than that of R12. In conclusion, the proposed R600a seems to be an appropriate long-term candidate to replace R-12 in the existing refrigerator in terms of power consumption, cooling capacity and COP.

http://www.ijatr.org/article/download/6/13

Effect of Capillary Tube Length and Refrigerant Charge on the Performance of Domestic Refrigerator with R12 and R600a

Acne vulgaris is a disease of pilosebaceous unit which is characterized by non - inflam matory and inflammatory lesions. Common therapies that are used for the treatment of acne include topical, systemic, hormonal, herbal and comb ination therapy. So, for the treatment of acne h erbal anti acne cream is prepared containing Withania somnifera extract, which is known for its anti - inflamma tory action and antioxidant property. Herbal medications are considered safer than allopathic medic ines because allopathic medications are associated with different side - effects such as allergy, local irritation, scaling, photosensitivity reaction, itching, peeling , redness etc. The study includes macroscopical and m icroscopical evaluation of Withania s omnifera contai ning ash value, loss on drying , water extractive value , Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. The prepared formula t io n was optimized on the basis of in vitro rele ase study. T he optimized formulation was evaluated on the basis of greasiness , spreadability , after feel , skin irritancy , viscosity, pH and release kinetics. Anti bacterial s tudy by disc diffusion technique was performed. The result obtained was zone of inhibition of test 25.66 ± 1.12 and 5.89 ± 1.18 at 500 ppm , this proved that optimized formulation has possible anti acne property. So, further investigation such as in vivo studies will help this formulation to be a potential candidate as marketed product.

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Formulation and evaluation of antiacne cream containing withania somnifera

The study of the expansion device in the simple vapour compression refrigeration system is necessary in order to understand the parameters which can enhance the overall performance of the system. The experimental study was done on the capillary tubes of 31 gauge, 36 gauge and 40 gauge and each test section was studied with three distinct configurations i.e. helical coiled, straight coiled and serpentine coiled configuration. The effect of the configuration and the capillary tube diameter on the overall performance of the system was studied. The findings of the experimental study revealed that the mass flow rate is maximum for the straight configuration and is least for the helical coiled configuration. The refrigeration effect was found to be maximum for the helical coiled configuration and was found to be least for straight coiled configuration. The compressor work was found to reduce as the load was increased on the system. Decreasing the capillary tube diameter increased the mass flow rate in the system and decreased the refrigeration effect produced.

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An experimental study of the Effect of capillary tube diameter and configuration on the performance of a simple vapour compression refrigeration system

Aparajita Srivastava

Papers

Formulation and evaluation of antiacne cream containing withania somnifera

An experimental study of the Effect of capillary tube diameter and configuration on the performance of a simple vapour compression refrigeration system