Agricultural Experimentation: Design and Analysis

Background Bioactive compounds possess plenty of health benefits, but they are chemically unstable and susceptible to oxidative degradation. The application of pure bioactive compounds is also very limited in food and drug formulations due to their fast release, low solubility, and poor bioavailability. Encapsulation can preserve the bioactive compounds from environmental stresses, improve physicochemical functionalities, and enhance their health-promoting and anti-disease activities. Scope and approach Micro and nano-encapsulation based techniques and systems have great importance in food and pharmaceutical industries. This review highlights the recent advances in micro and nano-encapsulation of bioactive compounds. We comprehensively discussed the importance of encapsulation, the application of biopolymer-based carrier agents and lipid-based transporters with their functionalities, suitability of encapsulation techniques in micro and nano-encapsulation, as well as different forms of improved and novel micro and nano-encapsulate systems. Key findings and conclusions Both micro and nano-encapsulation have an extensive application, but nano-encapsulation can be a promising approach for encapsulation purposes. Maltodextrin in combination with gums or other polysaccharides or proteins can offer an advantageous formulation for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds by using encapsulation techniques. Electro-spinning and electro-spraying are promising technologies in micro and nano-encapsulation, while solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructure lipid carriers are exposing themselves as the promising and new generation of lipid nano-carriers for bioactive compounds. Moreover, phytosome, nano-hydrogel, and nano-fiber are also efficient and novel nano-vehicles for bioactive compounds. Further studies are required for the improvement of existing encapsulate systems and exploring their application in food and gastrointestinal systems for industrial application.

Advances in micro and nano-encapsulation of bioactive compounds using biopolymer and lipid-based transporters

Application of maltodextrin and gum Arabic in microencapsulation of saffron petal's anthocyanins and evaluating their storage stability and color.

Quince seed mucilage films incorporated with oregano essential oil: Physical, thermal, barrier, antioxidant and antibacterial properties

Characterization of new biodegradable edible film made from basil seed (Ocimum basilicum L.) gum

https://profdoc.um.ac.ir/articles/a/1011802.pdf

Response surface methodology for optimization of extraction yield, viscosity, hue and emulsion stability of mucilage extracted from Lepidium perfoliatum seeds

Studies on the steady shear flow behavior and functional properties of Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum

The effect of temperature (25–80°C), water to seed ratio (25:1–85:1) and pH (3–9) on the yield, apparent viscosity and emulsion stability index of wild sage seed hydrocolloid was investigated. The generated quadratic model showed that the optimum conditions for maximizing the responses were when temperature was 25°C, water to seed ratio was 51:1 and pH was 5.5. All hydrocolloid solutions (1% w/v) showed shear thinning behavior in different extraction conditions, consistency coefficient and flow behavior index varied from 4.455 to 9.435 (Pa.sn), and 0.317 to 0.374, respectively. Besides, the chemical compositions of the seed and extracted gum were determined at optimal conditions.

Optimization of Hydrocolloid Extraction From Wild Sage Seed (Salvia macrosiphon) Using Response Surface

In this study, Niosomes, as vehicles for α-Tocopherol were formulated applying film hydration method to improve the availability and stability of α-Toc. Parameters affecting encapsulation efficiency (EE), mean size, polydispersity index and zeta potential were investigated, along with the different molar ratio of Span 60/Tween 60, presence or absence of cholesterol (Chol) and dicetyl phosphate (DCP). Then, the morphology, stability and in vitro release of selected formulation were studied. The results showed that α-Toc loaded niosomes exhibited a small mean size (106.8 ± 0.5 to 190 ± 0.2 nm), narrow size distribution and high EE (83.22 ± 0.65 to 99.07 ± 0.15). A significant change in the EE and vesicle size in different niosomal formulations was observed. The optimum preparation condition of α-Toc-loaded niosome was as follows: 3:1 mol ratio of Span 60:Tween 60, 4 mg/mL of α-Toc and 25:12.5:2.5 M ratio of Surfactant:Chol:DCP. Having increased the HLB, the EE and stability of the niosomes decreased. The DCP and Chol improved the physicochemical properties of niosomes. In vitro release of the selected formulation showed an initial burst effect and was followed by a slow drug release. In general, the film hydration method can be used as a suitable and commercial technique for the production of α-Toc-loaded niosomes with high EE.

Aram Bostan

Papers

Response surface methodology for optimization of extraction yield, viscosity, hue and emulsion stability of mucilage extracted from Lepidium perfoliatum seeds

Studies on the steady shear flow behavior and functional properties of Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum

Optimization of Hydrocolloid Extraction From Wild Sage Seed (Salvia macrosiphon) Using Response Surface

Physicochemical properties and release behavior of Span 60/Tween 60 niosomes as vehicle for α-Tocopherol delivery

α-Tocopherol-loaded niosome prepared by heating method and its release behavior.