Hydrogels for biomedical applications.

The study of nanostructured drug delivery systems allows the development of novel platforms for the efficient transport and controlled release of drug molecules in the harsh microenvironment of diseased tissues of living systems, thus offering a wide range of functional nanoplatforms for smart application in biotechnology and nanomedicine. This article highlights recent advances of smart nanocarriers composed of organic (including polymeric micelles and vesicles, liposomes, dendrimers, and hydrogels) and inorganic (including quantum dots, gold and mesoporous silica nanoparticles) materials. Despite the remarkable developments of recent synthetic methodologies, most of all nanocarriers’ action is associated with a number of unwanted side effects that diminish their efficient use in biotechnology and nanomedicine applications. This highlights some critical issues in the design and engineering of nanocarrier systems for biotechnology applications, arising from the complex environment and multiform interactions established within the specific biological media.

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Smart Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Application: Development of Versatile Nanocarrier Platforms in Biotechnology and Nanomedicine

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are nanocarriers developed as substitute colloidal drug delivery systems parallel to liposomes, lipid emulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, and so forth. Owing to their unique size dependent properties and ability to incorporate drugs, SLNs present an opportunity to build up new therapeutic prototypes for drug delivery and targeting. SLNs hold great potential for attaining the goal of targeted and controlled drug delivery, which currently draws the interest of researchers worldwide. The present review sheds light on different aspects of SLNs including fabrication and characterization techniques, formulation variables, routes of administration, surface modifications, toxicity, and biomedical applications.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Emerging Colloidal Nano Drug Delivery Systems

Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: A review emphasizing on particle structure and drug release

The efficacy of current standard chemotherapy is suboptimal due to the poor solubility and short half-lives of chemotherapeutic agents, as well as their high toxicity and lack of specificity which may result in severe side effects, noncompliance and patient inconvenience. The application of nanotechnology has revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry and attracted increasing attention as a significant means for optimizing the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and enhancing their efficiency and safety profiles. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are lipid-based formulations that have been broadly studied as drug delivery systems. They have a solid matrix at room temperature and are considered superior to many other traditional lipid-based nanocarriers such as nanoemulsions, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) due to their enhanced physical stability, improved drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility. This review focuses on the latest advances in the use of NLCs as drug delivery systems and their preparation and characterization techniques with special emphasis on their applications as delivery systems for chemotherapeutic agents and different strategies for their use in tumor targeting.

Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Delivery of Chemotherapeutics: A Review.

Nanostructured lipid carriers for site-specific drug delivery

Lipid-based liquid crystalline nanoparticles have attracted great attention in the field of drug delivery. These systems consist of amphiphilic lipid molecules which self-assemble in aqueous environments to form complex three-dimensional structures. This complex structure can hold both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and can release at different predetermined rates. The advent of lipid-based liquid nanocrystals or lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) nanoparticles having highly ordered, thermodynamically stable, internal nanostructure has added a new dimension in formulation studies and has garnered a lot of interest amongst the scientific community. These novel lipidic systems have been proven for several advantages, such as multi-drug loading, high drug entrapment efficiency, potential for controlled and targeted release through functional modifications, reduced toxicity and biodegradable nature. This chapter gives an overview of recent advances and current status of LLC nanoparticles, especially with respect to method of preparations, physichochemical characterizations, biopharmaceutical performance, and applications in the field of drug delivery for different therapeutic areas. This review has focused in detail on the various phases of LLCs and potential materials of composition and their phase transition behavior with respect to various factors, knowledge of which would, in turn, help the reader in selecting the method of preparation and suitable characterization techniques. In addition, potential problems and possible future research directions for industrial scale-up and translation from bench to bed are highlighted.

Lyotropic liquid crystal nanoparticles: A novel improved lipidic drug delivery system

Development of nanomedicines has become an attractive strategy in the delivery of therapeutics to overcome the problems associated with conventional therapy especially for cancer, skin infections, tuberculosis, and other long-term disorders Preparation of nanocarriers includes multiple constituents and multiple steps which need to be understood in-depth It is expected that the application of quality by design (QbD) approach can overcome the existing issues related to nanoformulation development and can provide wider acceptability for regulatory agencies to form constructive guidelines for their approval The objective of QbD in nanocarrier drug delivery is to derive meaningful product specifications based on safety, efficacy, and clinical performance It helps in investigation of variable factors with respect to materials and process involved and ultimately enhances the process capability with minimum product variability This book chapter has compiled various QbD components which can be easily implemented for preparation and optimization of robust nanoformulations

Application of QbD Principles in Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Temozolomide is a drug approved for treating glioblastomas, which has 100% oral bioavailability but gets degraded at physiological pH thus having very short half-life and only 20–30% brain bioavail...

Design of temozolomide-loaded proliposomes and lipid crystal nanoparticles with industrial feasible approaches: comparative assessment of drug loading, entrapment efficiency, and stability at plasma pH.

The present study describes the first fully validated RP-HPLC method for the quantification of temozolomide, an anti-cancer drug, in rat plasma. The method is simple, rapid, specific, sensitive and...

Archana Khosa

Papers

Nanostructured lipid carriers for site-specific drug delivery

Lyotropic liquid crystal nanoparticles: A novel improved lipidic drug delivery system

Application of QbD Principles in Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery Systems

Design of temozolomide-loaded proliposomes and lipid crystal nanoparticles with industrial feasible approaches: comparative assessment of drug loading, entrapment efficiency, and stability at plasma pH.

A simplified and sensitive validated RP-HPLC method for determination of temozolomide in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study