(2000). World-City Network: A New Metageography? Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 90, No. 1, pp. 123-134.

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World‐City Network: A New Metageography?

The global economy is nurturing an innovative class of polycentric urban configurations: network cities. A network city evolves when two or more previously independent cities, potentially complementary in function, strive to cooperate and achieve significant scope economies aided by fast and reliable corridors of transport and communications infrastructure. Creative network cities place a higher priority on knowledge-based activities like research, education and the creative arts. The cooperative mechanisms may resemble those of inter-firm networks in the sense that each urban player stands to benefit from the synergies of interactive growth via reciprocity, knowledge exchange and unexpected creativity. Two case studies are discussed briefly—Randstad Holland and Kansai, Japan. Since much of their future dynamism may rely upon transnational human resources, it is foreseen that more network cities will transcend national borders during the next millennium.

Network Cities: Creative Urban Agglomerations for the 21st Century

The new urban sociology the origins of urbanization and the characteristics of cities urbanization in the United States the metropolitan period in the United States - 1920 to 1960 the restructuring of settlement space - 1960 to 1990 the rise of urban sociology contemporary urban sociology - the socio-spatial perspective people, lifestyles and the metropolis neighbourhoods, the public environment and theories of urban life metropolitan problems - poverty, racism, crime, housing and fiscal crisis local politics - city and suburban governments third world urbanization urbanization in the industrialized world - Western and Eastern Europe and Japan environmental issues and metropolitan planning metropolitan social policy.

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The New Urban Sociology

INTRODUCTION,- Chapter 1: Taking stock of post-socialist urban development: a recapitulation: Kiril Stanilov,- PART 1: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT TRENDS: Chapter 2: Political reform, economic development, and regional growth in post-socialist Europe: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 3: Regional growth dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe in the socio-economic and geographic context of a post-socialist reality: Koloman Ivanicka, Sr. and Koloman Ivanicka, Jr.,- Chapter 4: Urbanization patterns in Russia in the post-soviet era: Irina Molodikova and Alla Makhrova,- PART 2: NON-RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT: Chapter 5: The restructuring of non-residential uses in the post-socialist metropolis: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 6: Land market, commercial real estate, and the remolding of Moscow's urban fabric: Alla Makhrova and Irina Molodikova,- Chapter 7: Office development and post-communist city formation: the case of Prague: Ludek Sykora,- Chapter 8: The evolution of industrial areas in Budapest after 1989: Eva Kiss,- PART 3: RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT: Chapter 9: Housing trends in Central and Eastern European cities during and after the period of transition: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 10: Social and spatial consequences of the restitution of real estate: Birgit Glock et al ,- Chapter 11: The perils of post-socialist transformation: residential development in Sofia: Sonia Hirt and Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 12: Upscale housing in post-soviet Moscow and its environs: Yuri Medvedkov and Olga Medvedkov,- PART 4: THE EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC SPACE: Chapter 13: Democracy, markets, and public space in the transitional societies of Central and Eastern Europe: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 14: Public space in the 'blue cities' of Russia: Barbara Engel,- Chapter 15: The peculiar history of (post)communist public places and spaces: Bucharest as a case study: Augustin Ioan,- Chapter 16: Urban transport in the Baltic republics: Sigurd Grava,- PART 5: PUBLIC POLICY ANDURBAN DEVELOPMENT: Chapter 17: Urban development policies in Central and Eastern Europe during the transition period and their impact on urban form: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 18: Belgrade's post-socialist urban evolution: reflections by the actors in the development process: Sreten Vujovic and Mina Petrovic,- Chapter 19: Urban development, legislation, and planning in post-socialist Zagreb: Branko I. Cavric and Zorica Nedovic-Budic,- PART 6: PLANNING THE POST-SOCIALIST CITY: Chapter 20: Urban planning and the challenges of the post-socialist transformation: Kiril Stanilov,- Chapter 21: The post-socialist urban restructuring of Ljubljana: strengthening identity: Kaliopa Dimitrovska Andrews et al,- Chapter 22: Urban futures: strategic planning in post-socialist Europe: Sasha Tsenkova,- Chapter 23: Urban and regional planning in Central and Eastern European countries - from EU requirements to innovative practices: Karina M. Pallagst and Georges Mercier

The post-socialist city : urban form and space transformations in Central and Eastern Europe after socialism

University-related science parks - 'seedbeds' or 'enclaves' of innovation?

The planning doctrine that guided Israel's planning policy for the first forty years of its existence is being replaced by a new planning doctrine, prompted largely by the great wave of immigration from the Soviet Union starting in 1989. New approaches to housing, employment, and physical and social infrastructure were needed to meet the demands of the sudden influx of some 700,000 new immigrants. In addition to Soviet immigration, two other important factors influenced planning policy: the peace agreements with Egypt and Jordan, which changed the geostrategic importance of the peripheral regions of the country, and the development of the Israeli economy into an economy based on high-technology industry and producer services. The globalization of Israel's economy has reduced the capacity of public policy to influence the location of economic activity. The new planning doctrine is highly sensitive to the scarcity of land and is based on a view of the future map of Israel as an agglomeration of four metropo...

Reshaping the Map of Israel: A New National Planning Doctrine

During the last twenty years, Israel has established more than thirty development towns, housing about 18 percent of the country's total 1970 population. This evaluation of Israel's urbanization policy, as formulated in the development towns program, considers achievements of national goals and their effects on urbanization patterns. Planning principles concerning the size, location, and economic base of the new towns are shown to be derived from theoretical frameworks based on urban hierarchical structure and city size distribution. Implementation of the “dispersion of population” policy appears generally effective when evaluated by geo-statistical techniques. However, success in changing the structure of the national urban system has been accompanied by failure to achieve regional integration, which suggests a new objective for future urbanization policy.

Evaluation of National Urbanization Policy

The paper deals with the application of the concept of world city to the urban phenomenon of Randstad Holland. The enquiry into Randstad Holland as a world city in the making is motivated by the recent designation of Amsterdam, the Hague and Rotterdam by national planning authorities as international centres. After reviewing the evolution of the world city concept, the article specifies the main characteristics of a world city as an international management centre; a concentration of advanced producer services; and a very high level of physical and social infrastructure. Various studies of the European urban system are reviewed in order to identify the position of the Randstad within the new European urban hierarchy. Most of these studies position the Randstad among the four or five European urban agglomerations which can be defined as having marked world city characteristics. The empirical part of the article deals with internationalisation processes of the Randstad economy and draws some policy implicat...

Randstad Holland: A 'World City'?

This paper deals with the magnitude and dynamics of regional inequalities in Israel during the period 1962–1976. Economic well-being is measured by regional motorization rates, which were found to be highly correlated with personal income levels. Various measures point towards a divergence in regional inequalities, although the rates of change of these measures are declining with time. An analysis of the spatial pattern of the regional levels of economic well-being indicates a well-defined core–periphery structure which is significantly stable over time. Spread and backwash effects are examined within the labour markets of the primary and secondary cores. This examination shows that backwash effects were the dominant factor in shaping the space-economy within the regional systems. The levels of economic well-being within the labour markets were found to be positively related to the levels of the respective cores. From a policy point of view it can be concluded that the persistent pursuit of the national o...

Regional Inequalities in Israel

A general theory of urbanization around the world is developed. The study begins with a synthesis of current theories on urbanization and a presentation of the authors theory. A series of case studies concerning urbanization during the course of history in various regions of the world is then presented. The authors "use a macrosocietal perspective employing a comparative focus to analyze nine civilizations in the context of their political regimes social processes and cultural orientations." The volume concludes with a unified theory of urbanization based on these nine case studies. (EXCERPT)

Arie Shachar

Papers

Reshaping the Map of Israel: A New National Planning Doctrine

Evaluation of National Urbanization Policy

Randstad Holland: A 'World City'?

Regional Inequalities in Israel

Society, culture, and urbanization