Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

1 What is a liquid crystal 2 1.1 Nematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Cholesterics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Smectics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Columnar phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5 Lyotropic liquid crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Introduction to Liquid Crystals

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the nonlinear wave propagation in planar structures. The two categories of integrated all-optical devices can be anticipated on the basis of the nonlinear optical phenomena. The first class of optical devices is that in which the nonlinear change in the refractive index is small in comparison with the refractive index difference between the guiding media. The second category of nonlinear optical devices is that in which the optically induced change in refractive index is comparable with, or larger than, the index differences among the guiding media. The chapter discusses the study of electromagnetic waves guided by nonlinear interfaces. The basic concepts and method used to analyze nonlinear guided wave phenomena are also discussed. The nonlinear TE polarized waves guided by thin dielectric films are studied. The chapter explains that very thin metal films (nonlinear surface plasmon polaritons) can also guide nonlinear TE polarized waves. The experiments reported on nonlinear guided wave phenomena are reviewed in the chapter.

IV Nonlinear Wave Propagation in Planar Structures

Resonance-assisted hydrogen bonding (RAHB), a concept introduced by Gilli and co-workers in 1989, concerns a kind of intramolecular H-bonding strengthened by a conjugated π-system, usually in 6-, 8-, or 10-membered rings. This Review highlights the involvement of RAHB as a driving force in the synthesis of organic, coordination, and organometallic compounds, as a handy tool in the activation of covalent bonds, and in starting moieties for synthetic transformations. The unique roles of RAHB in molecular recognition and switches, E/Z isomeric resolution, racemization and epimerization of amino acids and chiral amino alcohols, solvatochromism, liquid-crystalline compounds, and in synthons for crystal engineering and polymer materials are also discussed. The Review can provide practical guidance for synthetic chemists that are interested in exploring and further developing RAHB-assisted synthesis and design of materials.

Resonance‐Assisted Hydrogen Bonding as a Driving Force in Synthesis and a Synthon in the Design of Materials

W H de Jeu 1980 New York: Gordon and Breach ix + 133 pp price $32 It is to be regretted that the practice is growing, even among those knowledgeable in the field, of writing about liquid crystals as though a single type existed and the two processes for their formation produced similar molecular distributions. The distinction between thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystals is not made in the title of this book.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/32/7/042/pdf

Physical Properties of Liquid Crystalline Materials

Mesomorphic, morphologic and thermotropic properties of 4-hexyl-N-(4-hexadecyloxysalicylidene)aniline

This work presents our investigations of mezomorphic properties of two polymorphic liquid crystals, namely, 4-nonyloxy-4-butoxyphenyl benzoate and N-(-4-heptyloxybenzylidene-4-butylaniline) in a wide temperature range, particularly, in the phase transition regions. By means of an original experimental method, the heterophase regions and also the phase transition temperatures have been determined for these materials with high accuracy. These phase transition intervals have been analyzed using a mean field model.

Study of Phase Transitions in Polymorphic Liquid Crystals

Characterization and investigation of the mesogenic, thermo-morphologic and thermotropic properties of new chiral (S)-5-octyloxy-2-[{4-(2-methylbuthoxy)-phenylimino(methyl]phenol liquid crystalline compound

Arif Nesrullajev

Papers

Mesomorphic, morphologic and thermotropic properties of 4-hexyl-N-(4-hexadecyloxysalicylidene)aniline

Study of Phase Transitions in Polymorphic Liquid Crystals

Characterization and investigation of the mesogenic, thermo-morphologic and thermotropic properties of new chiral (S)-5-octyloxy-2-[{4-(2-methylbuthoxy)-phenylimino(methyl]phenol liquid crystalline compound

Refracting and birefringent properties of lyotropic nematic mesophases

Lyotropic nematic mesophases: investigations of mesomorphic and thermo-optical properties