The energy delivery of a solar-energy system is generally associated with the sun's available irradiance and spectral content, as well as a variety of environmental and climatic factors and inherent system and component performances. However, other external factors relating to geographical location and conditions can have even greater impacts on system performance. Among these, soiling is a commonly overlooked or underestimated issue that can be a showstopper for the viability of a solar installation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of soiling problems, primarily those associated with “dust” (sand) and combined dust–moisture conditions that are inherent to many of the most solar-rich geographic locations worldwide. We review and evaluate key contributions to the understanding, performance effects, and mitigation of these problems. These contributions span a technical history of almost seven decades. We also present an inclusive literature survey/assessment. The focus is on both transmissive surfaces (e.g., those used for flat-plate photovoltaics or for concentrating lenses) and reflective surfaces (e.g., mirrors or heliostats for concentrating power systems).

A comprehensive review of the impact of dust on the use of solar energy: History, investigations, results, literature, and mitigation approaches

A model for the axisymmetric growth and coalescence of small internal voids in elastoplastic solids is proposed and assessed using void cell computations. Two contributions existing in the literature have been integrated into the enhanced model. The first is the model of Gologanu-Leblond-Devaux, extending the Gurson model to void shape effects. The second is the approach of Thomason for the onset of void coalescence. Each of these has been extended heuristically to account for strain hardening. In addition, a micromechanically-based simple constitutive model for the void coalescence stage is proposed to supplement the criterion for the onset of coalescence. The fully enhanced Gurson model depends on the flow properties of the material and the dimensional ratios of the void-cell representative volume element. Phenomenological parameters such as critical porosities are not employed in the enhanced model. It incorporates the effect of void shape, relative void spacing, strain hardening, and porosity. The effect of the relative void spacing on void coalescence, which has not yet been carefully addressed in the literature. has received special attention. Using cell model computations, accurate predictions through final fracture have been obtained for a wide range of porosity, void spacing, initial void shape, strain hardening, and stress triaxiality. These predictions have been used to assess the enhanced model. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

An extended model for void growth and coalescence - application to anisotropic ductile fracture

Energy yield loss caused by dust deposition on photovoltaic panels

Experimental study on the effect of dust deposition on solar photovoltaic panels in desert environment

Comprehensive review on effect of dust on solar photovoltaic system and mitigation techniques

Experimental characterization of air-entrainment in a plunging jet

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9120/45/5/F03/pdf

Dust affects solar-cell efficiency

Experimental and Numerical Study of Expanded Aluminum and Steel Tubes

In every society, a great deal is expected from teachers. They are often expected to react sufficiently and proactively to the ongoing changes in the world and amend their instructional methods and resources to help students reach their academics potential. In today’s society, teachers are persistently in pursuit of developing ways to reach the new generation of students who are perhaps the most globalized and tech-savvy to date. While academic researchers continue to investigate and analyze current educational issues and trends, the products of these studies have limited practicality to classroom teachers. As a result, teachers are encouraged to collaborate with their colleagues and engage in action research in order to tackle issues specific to their classroom practices and teaching. Some examples of action research in educational settings include educators who wish to undertake research in their classrooms or schools for the purpose of improving teaching, to test educational theory, or to evaluate and implement an educational plan. In this paper, the authors will analyze action research as a method of intellectual inquiry in education settings. Furthermore, they will examine the common methodologies, data collection and analysis in action research and will illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of action research.

/pdf/enhancing-the-quality-of-teaching-and-learning-through-1n5apstms3.pdf

Enhancing The Quality Of Teaching And Learning Through Action Research

Globalization has affected many sectors of the society, including higher education. In the current global economy, higher education institutions face numerous challenges. Factors such as the increasing international competition, achieving higher ranking among global universities, and the pursuit of creating world-class institutions has had a significant impact on higher education institutions. While universities respond to these challenges differently, some higher education institutions are increasingly moving toward the internationalization of their campuses. Internationalization of higher education programs includes branch campuses, cross border collaborative programs, exchange of international students, and establishment of English-medium programs and degrees. Over the past decade, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been on the receiving line of this phenomena. Internationalization of higher education has greatly affected the UAE as it continues to strive toward becoming a leading education hub in the Middle East. Until recently, the goal of the UAE has been to make higher education accessible to all students within the UAE by providing them with quality learning resources. However, over the past several years, in addition to providing its citizens with quality education, the country is working toward establishing itself as a world-class regional education hub through inviting prominent universities to set up campuses in the country. This paper examines the current trends in internationalization of higher education and analyzes the recent successes and some unanticipated outcomes of this phenomenon in the UAE.

Arman Molki

Papers

Experimental characterization of air-entrainment in a plunging jet

Dust affects solar-cell efficiency

Experimental and Numerical Study of Expanded Aluminum and Steel Tubes

Enhancing The Quality Of Teaching And Learning Through Action Research

Internationalization Of Higher Education: A Reflection On Success And Failures Among Foreign Universities In The United Arab Emirates