The variable results of positive-negative research with schizophrenics underscore the importance of well-characterized, standardized measurement techniques. We report on the development and initial standardization of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for typological and dimensional assessment. Based on two established psychiatric rating systems, the 30-item PANSS was conceived as an operationalized, drug-sensitive instrument that provides balanced representation of positive and negative symptoms and gauges their relationship to one another and to global psychopathology. It thus constitutes four scales measuring positive and negative syndromes, their differential, and general severity of illness. Study of 101 schizophrenics found the four scales to be normally distributed and supported their reliability and stability. Positive and negative scores were inversely correlated once their common association with general psychopathology was extracted, suggesting that they represent mutually exclusive constructs. Review of five studies involving the PANSS provided evidence of its criterion-related validity with antecedent, genealogical, and concurrent measures, its predictive validity, its drug sensitivity, and its utility for both typological and dimensional assessment.

/pdf/the-positive-and-negative-syndrome-scale-panss-for-5g3a2twv2f.pdf

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia

This article introduces an individual-difference measure of the need for cognitive closure. As a dispositional construct, the need for cognitive closure is presently treated as a latent variable manifested through several different aspects, namely, desire for predictability, preference for order and structure, discomfort with ambiguity, decisiveness, and close-mindedness. This article presents psychometric work on the measure as well as several validation studies including (a) a "known-groups" discrimination between populations assumed to differ in their need for closure, (b) discriminant and convergent validation with respect to related personality measures, and (c) replication of effects obtained with situational inductions of the need for closure. The present findings suggest that the Need for Closure Scale is a reliable and valid instrument of considerable potential utility in future "motivated social cognition" research.

/pdf/individual-differences-in-need-for-cognitive-closure-3x6y5azo8o.pdf

Individual differences in need for cognitive closure

SUMMARY
Fresh plasma freed of intact platelets can be shown to contain minute particulate material (platelet-dust) which can be separated by ultracentrifugation. Much of this material is rich in phospholipid and shows coagulant properties resembling those of Platelet Factor 3. The supernatant plasma, freed of these particles, shows a corresponding deficiency in Platelet Factor 3 activity.

Electron microscopic studies suggest that the lipid-rich particles may originate from the osmophilic granules of platelets and that they are extruded on storage of platelets, even in the absence of coagulation. It is suggested that the liberation of this material is the basis of the process of ‘activation’ of platelets known to occur with storage.

When clotting occurs, coagulant particulate material is released from platelets, considerably in excess of what is required for thrombin generation and it can be detected in serum. Its presence accounts for the platelet-like activity of serum.

The material can be distinguished from intact platelets, red cell stroma and chylomicra. It was observed that chylomicra, freed of platelet-dust, were inactive in a thrombin generation test, which thus appeared responsive only to platelet type lipid. Both chylomicra and platelet-dust were effective in a Stypven time test. Attention is drawn to possible errors of interpretation which may arise from the use of the latter test as an index of Platelet Factor 3 activity.

Preliminary immunological investigation of platelets revealed the presence of fibrinogen and at least three other constitutents which appear to be primarily platelet components.

The Nature and Significance of Platelet Products in Human Plasma

https://rapm.bmj.com/content/rapm/43/3/263.full.pdf

Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Third Edition).

Ten able adults with autism or Asperger syndrome and 10 normal volunteers were PET scanned while watching animated sequences. The animations depicted two triangles moving about on a screen in three different conditions: moving randomly, moving in a goal-directed fashion (chasing, fighting), and moving interactively with implied intentions (coaxing, tricking). The last condition frequently elicited descriptions in terms of mental states that viewers attributed to the triangles (mentalizing). The autism group gave fewer and less accurate descriptions of these latter animations, but equally accurate descriptions of the other animations compared with controls. While viewing animations that elicited mentalizing, in contrast to randomly moving shapes, the normal group showed increased activation in a previously identified mentalizing network (medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus at the temporo-parietal junction and temporal poles). The autism group showed less activation than the normal group in all these regions. However, one additional region, extrastriate cortex, which was highly active when watching animations that elicited mentalizing, showed the same amount of increased activation in both groups. In the autism group this extrastriate region showed reduced functional connectivity with the superior temporal sulcus at the temporo-parietal junction, an area associated with the processing of biological motion as well as with mentalizing. This finding suggests a physiological cause for the mentalizing dysfunction in autism: a bottleneck in the interaction between higher order and lower order perceptual processes.

Autism, Asperger syndrome and brain mechanisms for the attribution of mental states to animated shapes.

A study of the coagulation defect in hemophilia and in jaundice.

The cause of hemorrhage in the patient with jaundice remains a clinical enigma. Although the incident of serious bleeding is relatively low, the gravity of the problem lies in the fact that its occurrence cannot be predicted with any degree of certainty either clinically or by means of the common laboratory methods now available. In recent years the subject has been discussed repeatedly, and thorough historical summaries have been presented by Judd, Snell and Hoerner, 1 Carr and Foote, 2 Moss 3 and others. No attempts will therefore be made to give another comprehensive review of this problem. My purpose in this paper is to present experimental observations made in studying the coagulation of blood which furnish significant information on the nature of cholemic bleeding and to offer practical suggestions for the management of the jaundiced patient. For the proper understanding and evaluation of these new observations, a short and

The nature of the bleeding in jaundice

Salicylates and bleeding: the aspirin tolerance test.

The hemorrhagic diseases

http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0038-1650068.pdf

Armand J. Quick

Papers

A study of the coagulation defect in hemophilia and in jaundice.

The nature of the bleeding in jaundice

Salicylates and bleeding: the aspirin tolerance test.

The hemorrhagic diseases

A Study of the Coagulation Defect in Hemophilia and in Jaundice