A sensor includes a housing, a central sensor electrode assembly, an insulating member, and a trace. The central sensor electrode assembly is coupled to a supply side of a voltage source. The insulating member is coupled between the housing and the central sensor electrode assembly. The insulating member circumscribes a section of the central sensor electrode assembly. The trace is coupled to the insulating member and circumscribes the section of the central sensor electrode assembly. The trace directs at least a portion of leakage current away from a voltage ground offset on an opposite side of the central sensor electrode assembly.

Agglomeration and charge loss sensor for measuring particulate matter

An apparatus, system and method maximizes efficiency and accuracy of measuring an ion concentration of a measured fluid by varying a flow of ions within a measuring cell in accordance with an output signal of a sensor cell. The pump current through a pump cell is switched between a constant positive current and a constant negative current when upper and lower thresholds of the output signal are reached. The pulse width ratio of the square wave produced by the varying current is compared to a pulse width ratio function derived from a calibration procedure to determine the ion concentration of the measured fluid. In one embodiment, the functions of the pump cell and sensing cell are performed by a single electrochemical cell.

System, apparatus, and method for measuring an ion concentration of a measured fluid

A solid-state sensor for determining the concentration of gases which can react with hydrogen, in particular, of oxygen, which includes a solid-state proton conductor into contact: on the one side, with a reference electrode, constituted in its turn by a metal hydride or a metal alloy, and on the other side with an electrode which catalyses the reaction of the gas to be detected, with said sensor being connected with a power feed system which supplies current or voltage impulses, and with a system which detects the value of potential after each impulse.

Solid state sensor device for the determination of the concentration of gases which can react with hydrogen

A gas sensor for use in monitoring gases such as H 2 S, NO 2 or SO 2 comprises a film or layer of non-protonated polyaniline as the gas sensing material.

Polyaniline gas sensor

A system for feedback control of air/fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine operated with a nonstoichiometric air-fuel mixture. The control system includes two oxygen-sensitive air/fuel ratio sensors which are of the concentration cell type having a solid electrolyte layer provided with two electrode layers and both disposed in an exhaust passage substantially at the same section. The first sensor is supplied with a constant DC current to cause migration of oxygen ions through the solid electrolyte layer and exhibits a slope output characteristic when a lean mixture or a rich mixture is supplied to the engine, depending on the direction of flow of the current. The second sensor exhibits on-off type output characteristic and can discriminate between a lean mixture and a rich mixture. A control circuit to produce a fuel feed rate control signal based on the output of the first sensor includes a discriminating means for ascertaining whether the output of the first sensor is truly attributed to the slope output characteristic with reference to the output of the second sensor.

System for feedback control of air/fuel ratio in internal combustion engine

A solid state sensor consisting of at least two electrodes associated with a solid substrate exhibiting ionic conduction. The two electrodes are connected in an electrical circuit which facilitates measuring of peaking voltage signals generated by the sensor, the sensor being capable of generating peak electrical signals of more than a hundred millivolt while exposed to hot combustion gases resulting from air fuel mixtures changing between lean and rich fuel-air mixtures.

Arnold O. Isenberg

Papers

Solid state combustion sensor