The studies of the micellar effect on photogalvanics was done for solar energy conversion and storage in photogalvanic cell containing Tween-80 (polyoxyethylene-20-sorbitan monooleate) as neutral micellar species, EDTA as reductant and Safranine O as photosensitizer. The photopotential and photocurrent generated were 785.0 mV and 300.0 μA, respectively. The observed conversion efficiency was 0.9769%, the fill factor was 0.34 and the maximum power of the cell was 235.50 μW, whereas the power at the power point of the photogalvanic cell was 101.60 μW. The rate of initial generation of current was 80.0 μA min−1. The photogalvanic cell can be used for 60.0 minutes in the dark. The effects of different parameters on the electrical output of the photogalvanic cell was observed and a mechanism has also been proposed for the generation of photocurrent in the photogalvanic cell.

Studies of the Micellar Effect on Photogalvanics: Solar Energy Conversion and Storage in EDTA−safranine O−Tween-80 System

Applicability of ISSR and DAMD markers for phyto-molecular characterization and association with some important biochemical traits of Dendrobium nobile, an endangered medicinal orchid

North east India is considered as one of the major biodiversity hotspots worldwide and centre of origin of several plant species including Musa. Musa acuminata Colla is known to be one of the wild progenitors of cultivated bananas and plantains. Three single primer based DNA marker techniques viz., random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and directed amplification of minisatellites DNA (DAMD) were used for diversity diagnostics among 25 genotypes of wild M. acuminata collected from Meghalaya province of north east India. A total of 58 primers (26-RAPD, 21-ISSR, and11-DAMD) yielded 451 DNA fragments, of which 395 (87.58 %) were found to be polymorphic in nature. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values were almost identical for each marker system. The resolving power of the marker system was found to be highest in RAPD (3.96) whereas ISSR resolved highest marker index (16.39) in the study. Selected amplicon data obtained through single primer amplification reactions were utilized for determination of diversity within and among the populations of M. acuminata. Nei's genetic differentiation (Gst) value (0.451) indicated higher proportion of the genetic variation within the populations which is supported by the AMOVA analysis (88 %). The study provides insight into the efficacy of RAPD, ISSR and DAMD to analyse the genetic variation existing in the wild Musa germplasm, which can further be exploited for quality trait improvement and domestication of such important horticultural crops. The genetic diversity based population structure may shed light on the genetic basis of speciation and evolution of various species within the genus Musa.

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Efficacy of RAPD, ISSR and DAMD markers in assessment of genetic variability and population structure of wild Musa acuminata colla

SPAR methods revealed high genetic diversity within populations and high gene flow of Vanda coerulea Griff ex Lindl (Blue Vanda), an endangered orchid species

Single primer amplification reaction (SPAR) reveals inter- and intra-specific natural genetic variation in five species of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae).

Photogalvanic solar energy conversion: Study with photosensitizers Toluidine Blue and Malachite Green in presence of NaLS

Prosopis cineraria, an important multipurpose tree and vital component of the otherwise fragile ecosystem of arid and semiarid regions of India. It is highly drought tolerant and sprouts profusely during the extreme dry summer months when most other trees are leafless. P. cineraria is known to exhibit comparable genetic variations at intra-specific and inter-population levels reflected through morphological and cytogenetical diversity in regions, where this plant grows naturally. In the present study, single primer amplification reaction (SPAR) methods have been used for determination of diversity at DNA level in 30 accessions of P. cineraria collected from different districts of Rajasthan. The analyses include the use of six minisatellite core sequence primers for direct amplification of minisatellite DNA (DAMD), eight inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and 20 arbitrary primed decamer sequences for random amplification (RAPD) reactions. Upon analysis of the data generated, all the three SPAR methods, either independently and/or in combination, revealed wide range of genetic variation among accessions. Comparison of matrix of individual SPAR method using MxComp component of NTSYS-pc 2.02 K software proving that analysis of natural genetic variation using combination of SPAR methods particularly ISSR and DAMD, rather than an isolated approach, is very effective. Such an approach also yields better information and reflection of the relatedness and affinities at intra-species and inter-population levels. Therefore, it is opined that in order to reveal the intrinsic intra-specific variation, SPAR approaches involving more than one DNA marker may reveal more authentic genetic variation in tropical tree species like P. cineraria.

Single primer amplification reaction (SPAR) reveals intra-specific natural variation in Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce

Genetic diversity and gene flow estimation in Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce: A key stone tree species of Indian Thar Desert

Abstract Meiotic studies were carried out in nine different accessions of T. undulata collected from three districts of Rajasthan, India. Data collected on chromosome associations, chiasma frequency and their distribution pattern concluded that the somatic chromosome number of T. undulata is 2n = 2x = 36 which is at variance with published literature. The high frequency of 18:18 chromosome distribution at anaphase I and an overwhelming percentage of stainable pollens observed are indicative of overall genomic stability as supported by complete absence of accessory chromosomes (B) and supernumerary nucleoli. Numerical alteration of chromosomes might have played an important role in origin and adaptation of T. undulata to the adverse climate conditions of Indian desert.

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Arun Kumar

Papers

Photogalvanic solar energy conversion: Study with photosensitizers Toluidine Blue and Malachite Green in presence of NaLS

Single primer amplification reaction (SPAR) reveals intra-specific natural variation in Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce

Genetic diversity and gene flow estimation in Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce: A key stone tree species of Indian Thar Desert

Comparative Meiotic Chromosome Studies in Nine Accessions of Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Seem., Threatened Tree of Indian Desert

Mechanism of oxidation of aromatic amine by n-chloroacetanilide