https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/638974.pdf

Characteristics and adsorption capacities of low-cost sorbents for wastewater treatment: A review

/pdf/removal-of-hexavalent-chromium-cr-vi-using-activated-carbon-fixlt51cbi.pdf

Removal of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) using activated carbon prepared from mango kernel activated with H3PO4

Porous carbon by microwave assisted pyrolysis: An effective and low-cost adsorbent for sulfamethoxazole adsorption and optimization using response surface methodology

Carbon adsorbents derived from biomass (agricultural and household residues) have been widely used in the sequestration of hazardous substances from the environment due to their distinctive qualities of large internal surface area, mechanical integrity, and regeneration. The need for carbon adsorbents for sequestration of dyes, heavy metals, and crude oil components has increased because of environmental concerns. This has led to studies of carbon adsorbents derived from agricultural and household biomass residues. These adsorbents have been used to remove pollutants. Although numerous reviews have been published before, analogy of results obtained using different adsorbents is hard due to dissimilarities in research data. Against this backdrop, the purpose of the research survey was to review the contemporary publications regarding the production of activated carbon from biomass sources highlighting specifically its utilization in removing toxic wastes from water solution such as oil spill, dyes, and sundry hazardous substances. Also the work focuses on the methods for the restoration of the spent adsorbents and their end use.

/pdf/potentials-of-activated-carbon-produced-from-biomass-3v1asqhguu.pdf

Potentials of activated carbon produced from biomass materials for sequestration of dyes, heavy metals, and crude oil components from aqueous environment

Nowadays, water pollution has been considered a global concern on environmental sustainability, calling for high-performance materials in effective pollution treatments. Adsorption approach has gre...

Recent trends on numerical investigations of response surface methodology for pollutants adsorption onto activated carbon materials: A review

Microwave Activated Carbonized Coconut Shell (MACCS) was used to recover urea from human urine. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of initial adsorbate concentration (25%–100%), contact time, carbon loading (1–3 g) and shaking speed (150–200 rpm) on the removal of urea at 30 °C. Microwave activation was performed at 180 W (microwave output power) for 10 min. The sorption data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Flory–Huggins and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. Results showed that the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the MACCS powder was 256.41 mg g−1. The Flory–Huggins model was found to best describe the urea uptake process since it demonstrated the minimum deviations from the experimental data. The kinetic data was fitted to pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models, and was found to follow closely the pseudo-first order kinetic model. Based on the Central Composite Rotary Design, a five factor interaction model and a quadratic model were respectively developed to correlate the adsorption variables to the adsorption capacity. Field studies were conducted to determine the percentage biomass increase and relative agronomic effectiveness for soil treated with the urea adsorbed MACCS powder. Microwave activated carbonized coconut shell was shown to be a promising adsorbent for recovery and removal of urea from human urine solutions.

Recovering urea from human urine by bio-sorption onto Microwave Activated Carbonized Coconut Shells: Equilibrium, kinetics, optimization and field studies

Ashita Gugalia

Papers

Recovering urea from human urine by bio-sorption onto Microwave Activated Carbonized Coconut Shells: Equilibrium, kinetics, optimization and field studies