A comparative study on co-pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride: Synergistic effects and product characteristics

Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution using Lathyrus sativus husk: Adsorption study, MPR and ANN modelling

This study investigated the yields and characteristics of bio-oil, biochar and pyrolysis gas obtained from pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of rubber wood sawdust (RWS) and oil palm trunk (OPT) by using an agitated bed pyrolysis reactor. Co-pyrolysis of RWS and OPT was performed at the mixing ratio of 50:50 (wt.). The biomass samples were pyrolyzed at temperatures of 400, 450, and 500 °C under specific conditions. The results indicated that the yields of the bio-oil, biochar and pyrolysis gas were in the ranges of 38.5-46.5, 22.27-28.68 and 30.1-36.9 wt.%, respectively. Pyrolysis of RWS at 500 °C provided the most bio-oil. Co-pyrolysis of RWS and OPT could improve the product yield and quality. The bio-oil had relatively high water content, while its pH was low. The main compounds of bio-oil were oxygenated compounds such as acetic acid, phenols and 2-Propanone, 1-hydroxy-, determined by GC-MS. The higher heating value (HHV) of bio-oil ranged from 16.1 to 20.36 MJ/kg. The biochar had high carbon content and low oxygen content in proximate and ultimate analysis, and based on FTIR. The HHV of biochar was in the range from 26.35 to 29.6 MJ/kg. The biochar also was highly porous, which was revealed by SEM and BET. The pyrolysis gas mainly contained CO, CO2, H2 and CH4, and its heating value was in the range from 3.23 to 6.7 MJ/m3. Based on these results, the RWS and OPT are alternative and challenging biomasses for conversion to biofuels and value-added products via pyrolysis.

Characteristics of pyrolysis products from pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of rubber wood and oil palm trunk biomass for biofuel and value-added applications

Pyrolysis of Ulva prolifera macroalgae (UM), an aquatic biomass, was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor in the presence of three zeolites based catalysts (ZSM-5, Y-Zeolite and Mordenite) with the different catalyst to biomass ratio. A comparison between non-catalytic and catalytic behavior of ZSM-5, Y-Zeolite and Mordenite catalyst in the conversion of UM showed that is affected by properties of zeolites. Bio-oil yield was increased in the presence of Y-Zeolite while decreased with ZSM-5 and Mordenite catalyst. Maximum bio-oil yield for non-catalytic pyrolysis was (38.5 wt%) and with Y-Zeolite catalyst (41.3 wt%) was obtained at 400 °C respectively. All catalyst showed a higher gas yield. The higher gas yield might be attributed to that catalytic pyrolysis did the secondary cracking of pyrolytic volatiles and promoted the larger small molecules. The chemical components and functional groups present in the pyrolytic bio-oils are identified by GC–MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis techniques. Phenol observed very less percentage in the case of non-catalytic pyrolysis bio-oil (9.9%), whereas catalytic pyrolysis bio-oil showed a higher percentage (16.1%). The higher amount of oxygen present in raw biomass reduced significantly when used catalyst due to the oxygen reacts with carbon and produce (CO and CO2) and water.

Non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis of Ulva prolifera macroalgae for production of quality bio-oil

Study on explosion suppression of coal dust with different particle size by shell powder and NaHCO3

A pyrex glass semi-batch reactor was used for the pyrolysis of orange bagasse screened at 425 μm. The effect of temperature (350–600 °C), heating rate (25–100 °C min−1) and N2 gas flow rate (0.1–0.5 L min−1) on the product yield was observed. The highest pyrolysis oil yield of 35.53 wt. % was achieved at a temperature of 525 °C; at a constant heating rate and N2 gas flow rate of 75 °C min−1 and 0.2 L min−1. The H/C molar ratio of pyrolysis oil was 1.33 having an empirical formula of CH1.33O0.55 and an HHV of 21.72 MJ kg−1. The pyrolysis oil had a smoky odour with a dark brownish colour. The presence of different compounds like naphthenes, paraffin, olefins, aromatics, esters, acids, phenols, oxygenates, aldehydes and furans makes it complex and highly acidic in nature. The carbon distribution range of the pyrolysis oil lies from C2 to C18 which is similar to other liquid petroleum products. The biochar has an HHV of 27.67 MJ kg−1 because of the lower oxygen content than its parental biomass. The increase in the alkalinity (pH:8.1) of biochar finds application in neutralising soil acidity and improving crop yield.

Pyrolysis of orange bagasse: Comparative study and parametric influence on the product yield and their characterization

In the present work, fast pyrolysis of A lternanthera philoxeroides was evaluated with a focus to study the chemical and physical characteristics of bio-oil produced and to determine its practicability as a transportation fuel. Pyrolysis of A. philoxeroides was conducted inside a semi batch quartz glass reactor to determine the effect of different operating conditions on the pyrolysis product yield. The thermal pyrolysis of A. philoxeroides were performed at a temperature range from 350 to 550 °C at a constant heating rate of 25 °C/min & under nitrogen atmosphere at a flow rate of 0.1 L/min, which yielded a total 40.10 wt.% of bio-oil at 450 °C. Later, some more sets of experiments were also performed to see the effect on pyrolysis product yield with change in operating conditions like varying heating rates (50 °C/min, 75 °C/min & 100 °C/min) and different flow rates of nitrogen (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5 L/min). The yield of bio-oil during different heating rate (25, 50, 75 and 100 °C/min) was found to be more (43.15 wt.%) at a constant heating rate of 50 °C/min with 0.2 L/min N 2 gas flow rate and at a fixed pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C. The High Heating Value (HHV) value of bio-oil (8.88 MJ/kg) was very less due to presence of oxygen in the biomass. However, the high heating value of bio-char (20.41 MJ/kg) was more, and has the potential to be used as a solid fuel. The thermal degradation of A. philoxeroides was studied in TGA under inert atmosphere. The characterization of bio-oil was done by elemental analyser (CHNS/O analyser), FT-IR, & GC/MS. The char was characterized by elemental analyser (CHNS/O analysis), SEM, BET and FT-IR techniques. The chemical characterization showed that the bio-oil could be used as a transportation fuel if upgraded or blended with other fuels. The bio-oil can also be used as feedstock for different chemicals. The bio-char obtained from A. philoxeroides can be used for adsorption purposes because of its high surface area.

Pyrolysis of Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed): Effect of pyrolysis parameter on product yield and characterization of liquid product and bio char

Asit Baran Biswas

Papers

Pyrolysis of orange bagasse: Comparative study and parametric influence on the product yield and their characterization

Pyrolysis of Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed): Effect of pyrolysis parameter on product yield and characterization of liquid product and bio char

Elimination of crystal violet from synthetic medium by adsorption using unmodified and acid-modified eucalyptus leaves with MPR and GA application

Removal of methylene blue (aq) using untreated and acid-treated eucalyptus leaves and GA-ANN modelling

Physicochemical analysis and kinetic study of orange bagasse at higher heating rates