2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

Urban planning and building smart cities based on the Internet of Things using Big Data analytics

This paper summarizes the state of the art in connected vehicles—from the need for vehicle data and applications thereof, to enabling technologies, challenges, and identified opportunities. Connectivity is increasing around the world and its expansion to vehicles is no exception. With improvements in connectivity, sensing, and computation, the future will see vehicles used as development platforms capable of generating rich data, acting based on inference, and effecting great change in transportation, the human-vehicle dynamic, the environment, and the economy. Connected vehicle technologies have already been used to improve fleet safety and efficiency, with emerging technologies additionally allowing data to be used to inform aspects of vehicle design, ownership, and use. While the demand for connected vehicles and its enabling technology has progressed significantly in recent years, there remain challenges to connected and collaborative vehicle application deployment before the full potential of connected cars may be realized. From extensibility and scalability to privacy and security, this paper informs the reader about key enabling technologies, opportunities, and challenges in the connected vehicle landscape.

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A Survey of the Connected Vehicle Landscape—Architectures, Enabling Technologies, Applications, and Development Areas

As we edge closer to the broad implementation of intelligent transportation systems, the need to extend the perceptual bounds of sensor-equipped vehicles beyond the individual vehicle is more pressing than ever. Research and standardization efforts toward vehicle to everything (V2X), technology is intended to enable the communication of individual vehicles with both one another and supporting road infrastructure. The topic has drawn interest from a large number of stakeholders, from governmental authorities to automotive manufacturers and mobile network operators. With interest sourced from many disparate parties and a wealth of research on a large number of topics, trying to grasp the bigger picture of V2X development can be a daunting task. In this tutorial survey, to the best of our knowledge, we collate research across a number of topics in V2X, from historical developments to standardization activities and a high-level view of research in a number of important fields. In so doing, we hope to provide a useful reference for the state of V2X research and development for newcomers and veterans alike.

V2X Access Technologies: Regulation, Research, and Remaining Challenges

MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences

Recent advancements in communication technologies for providing ubiquitous Internet access as well as advancements on reduction of cost and form-factor of mobile devices and sensors are seen as an enabler for the Internet of Things (IoT). The industry predicts an interconnected world of 50 billion devices by 20201. The Web of Things (WoT) relies on the connectivity service of IoT to create services and applications exploiting the IoT data [1]. Cities present an opportunity for rendering WoT-enabled services. According to the World Health Organization, population in cities will double by the middle of this century2, while cities deal with increasingly pressing issues such as environmental sustainability, economic growth and citizen mobility. In this paper, we propose a discussion around the need for common semantic descriptions for smart city data to facilitate future services in “smart cities”. We present examples of data that can be collected from cities, discuss issues around this data and put forward some preliminary thoughts for creating a semantic description model to describe and help discover, index and query smart city data.

/pdf/semantic-modelling-of-smart-city-data-1sc0w1jhjc.pdf

Semantic Modelling of Smart City Data

5G networks will be a key enabler for the Internet of Things by providing a platform to connect a massive number of devices with heterogeneous sets of network quality requirements. In this environment, 5G network operators will have to solve the complex challenge of managing network services for diverse customer sectors (such as automotive, health or energy) with different requirements throughout their lifecycle. In this paper, we present current state of our work on automating part of the network service lifecycle management using knowledge management- and decision support techniques. We also present our ongoing implementation steps for such management function in 5G networks.

/pdf/towards-automated-service-oriented-lifecycle-management-for-31bh3in7y5.pdf

Towards automated service-oriented lifecycle management for 5G networks

Future cellular networks (5G) will be used for a diversity of use cases. Transportation is one domain where cellular networks can play a significant role not only in connecting autonomous vehicles to other vehicles, infrastructures, and people, but also in realizing vehicle teleoperation i.e., vehicle driven by an operator from a distance. In this paper, we assess the feasibility of using a cellular network to realise vehicle teleoperation. We identify the network requirements for a teleoperated vehicle use case in an urban environment using a test setup of an LTE network and simulations. Testbed measurements reveal that teleoperation use cases can be supported even with less than excellent signal strength. Through simulation we show that the testbed can scale to cover greater distances and support teleoperation use cases even with background mobile broadband traffic.

/pdf/feasibility-assessment-to-realise-vehicle-teleoperation-4ne91oguc7.pdf

Feasibility assessment to realise vehicle teleoperation using cellular networks

Method performed by a communication device (150) to determine whether to allow a first vehicle (111) to overtake a vehicle platoon (120). The platoon (120) comprises two or more second vehicles (121, 122, 123, 124). The communication device obtains (202) information about the first vehicle (111), when the first vehicle (111) is within a first distance (131) behind the platoon (120). The communication device then determines (203) whether to allow the first vehicle (111) to overtake the platoon (120) based on the obtained information. The communication device then provides (207), based on a result of the determining (203), a first indication to at least one of: a) a first radio node (161) in the first vehicle (111), and b) a second radio node (162) in one of the second vehicles (121) in the platoon. A method performed by the first (161) and the second (162) radio nodes is also disclosed. Publ.

Communication device, first radio node, second radio node, and methods therein, for determining whether to allow a first vehicle to overtake a vehicle platoon

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a vision of a future society where an ever-increasing number of heterogeneous physical devices ("things") obtain Internet connectivity, thus enabling a large number of applications for a broad range of industries and society at large. Mobile network operators, expected to provide the network infrastructure for many of these applications, face an unprecedented level of complexity. This complexity not only relates to the number of applications that share the network infrastructure, but also to the different network Quality of Service (QoS) requirements these applications have. To achieve economies of scale, automation in management of those applications throughout their lifecycle is essential. In this paper, we propose an architecture that automates allocation, monitoring and deallocation of both cloud and cellular network resources to ensure QoS for applications that involve connected devices communicating with cloud-hosted software. We describe an implementation of this architecture using a combination of open source, commercial, and custom components and evaluate it through a series of measurements. Results show that our implementation can simultaneously support mobile broadband and low latency, high availability mission-critical applications.

/pdf/devops-for-iot-applications-using-cellular-networks-and-9cn353aaft.pdf

Athanasios Karapantelakis

Papers

Semantic Modelling of Smart City Data

Towards automated service-oriented lifecycle management for 5G networks

Feasibility assessment to realise vehicle teleoperation using cellular networks

Communication device, first radio node, second radio node, and methods therein, for determining whether to allow a first vehicle to overtake a vehicle platoon

DevOps for IoT Applications Using Cellular Networks and Cloud